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China National Archives of Publications and Culture tells stories of civilization exchanges
By Liu Chengyong
In the long course of human history, many civilizations emerged. Some faded away with the passage of time, and some endured despite twists and turns.
Chinese civilization has remained uninterrupted for thousands of years, only growing more vibrant as time passes. This would not have been possible without the collection, preservation and passing down of classics and publications.
Oracle bones, pottery symbols, bronze inscriptions, stone carvings, seals, bamboo and wooden slips, woodblock printing, rubbings, ancient books, chorography, maps – these artifacts record the marks of Chinese civilization, character symbols, and cultural context. They are the creators of the Chinese civilization and witnesses to the Chinese history.
Today, these cultural treasures of the Chinese nation are preserved and presented at the China National Archives of Publications and Culture, which comprises headquarter in Beijing and branches in Xi’an, Hangzhou and Guangzhou. They strengthen the bridge of mutual learning between China and civilizations worldwide.
Boasting a rich and valuable collection, the China National Archives of Publications and Culture is dubbed as a cultural gene bank of the Chinese nation. It collects nearly 24 million precious copies and editions of various publications and gathers almost 500 million data entries, with 24 million open to the public.
Like a time tunnel, the editions and copies archived tell the stories of exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations, such as the journey of Zhang Qian, a royal envoy in China’s Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD), to the Western regions via Central Asia, which eventually led to the opening of the ancient Silk Road, the “Journey to the West” by Tang Dynasty Buddhist monk Xuanzang (618-907), the story of Tang Dynasty monk Jianzhen who brought Buddhism to Japan, and the legendary voyage to Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa by Chinese navigator Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
They record the extraordinary journeys of different civilizations, from their initial encounters to the exchanges and mutual learning that developed between them across various historical stages.
During the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), China was a leading country in terms of navigation technologies. A green-glazed bowl with Chinese character Ji exhibited at the headquarter of the China National Archives of Publications and Culture was salvaged from the Shipwreck Huaguangjiao No.1 of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In Chinese, Ji symbolizes the Chinese people’s longing for an auspicious and peaceful life. This relic mirrors the demeanor of ancient Chinese sailing afar and pioneering outward on the Maritime Silk Road hundreds of years ago.
The archives gathers a wealth of other valuable items that witness the history of cultural exchanges. These include a Song Dynasty (960-1279) edition of the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, which chronicles Xuanzang’s journey along the ancientSilk Road. Also featured is a copy of the original 1688 French publication of “An Introduction to The Analects of Confucius.” This work marked the first communication of Confucian thought in French, and was a national gift to Chinese President Xi Jinping from his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron in 2019.
Two “cultural exchange day” events were recently held at the China National Archives of Publications and Culture, which were joined by 88 sinologists from some 60 countries as well as over 30 foreign experts of culture, museum studies and publishing.
They were amazed by the infrastructure construction, high-quality exhibitions and displays, and the tremendous cultural treasures of the China National Archives of Publications and Culture. They also expressed their hope to strengthen communication with the archives and jointly promote the inheritance and preservation of Chinese classics and materials overseas.
With a focus on its core mission of collection, the China National Archives of Publications and Culture reaches out to the grassroots, general public, and overseas to comprehensively advance surveys, investigations, and acquisitions.
Adhering to the principles of collecting everything that should be collected, and preserving everything that should be preserved, it brings together Chinese classics and materials scattered across the country, circulating among the people, and lost overseas. It strives to include editions embodying the outstanding cultural achievements of human civilization, gathering strength for advancing human development and progress.
Different nations and civilizations are rich in diversity and have their own distinct features. No one is superior or inferior to others. Based on its diverse collection, the China National Archives of Publications and Culture strengthens mutual learning among civilizations, builds communication mechanisms and dialogue platforms for cultural exchanges, carries out international cultural exchange and people-to-people communication activities, and gathers domestic and foreign experts to launch theoretical and practical studies of bibliography.
At the same time, assisted by technology, industry and art, the archives actively innovates communication and promotion approaches, explores to establish multidimensional cultural communication paths, and works to realize the expression of bibliography in diverse forms. It excavates and presents the Chinese culture, vividly tells the historical and cultural stories behind Chinese classics and materials, and displays and disseminates the beauty of civilization and the splendor of culture.
(Liu Chengyong is the director of the China National Archives of Publications and Culture.)
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We’ve Known Each Other Since the 90s; I’m Qualified to Call Him a Scumbag – El-Rufai
Fabian
Former Kaduna State Governor and former Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai, has weighed in on the Senate’s decision to reject the inclusion of real-time electronic transmission of election results in the proposed electoral reforms.
Speaking in an interview with Trust TV, El-Rufai was asked to react to reports that some members of his party, the African Democratic Congress (ADC), including Peter Obi, staged a protest at the National Assembly on Monday over the issue. In his response, he stressed that electoral reforms must be approached transparently and without undue external influence.
El-Rufai expressed confidence that the Senate’s electoral committee would eventually recommend the reinstatement of the provision for real-time electronic transmission of results.
He noted that many senators are experienced public officials who have previously served as governors, ministers, and legislators, and are genuinely committed to strengthening Nigeria’s democracy. However, he argued that their efforts are being overshadowed by the actions of the Senate leadership, including Senate President Godswill Akpabio.
According to El-Rufai, the controversy should not be blamed on the Senate as an institution but on its leadership. He alleged that the presiding officer was acting under external pressure and not in line with the collective will of the majority of senators.
He further predicted that when the Senate reconvenes, lawmakers would be forced to unite, resist such pressure from the leadership, and ensure that the proposed reforms are not undermined.
In a strongly worded remark directed at Akpabio, El-Rufai said:
“I do not consider him distinguished. We have known each other since the 90s. He knows how far we’ve been through, and I think I am qualified to call him a scumbag—and he knows why.”
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Electronic Transmission: This Is Just a Warning Protest, We’ll Wait Till Tomorrow – Isaac Fayose
Fabian Apechihin
Businessman and activist Isaac Fayose has described Monday’s protest at the National Assembly complex as only a warning, insisting that more action may follow depending on the outcome of lawmakers’ deliberations.
A cross-section of Nigerians on Monday morning converged on the National Assembly to demand that electronic transmission of election results be made compulsory in Nigeria’s electoral laws.
Although the Senate has issued several clarifications amid reports that it rejected electronic transmission of results, protesters maintained that lawmakers must go further by explicitly inserting the phrase “real-time electronic transmission” into the proposed legislation.
In response to the public outcry, the Senate announced on Sunday that it would hold an emergency plenary session on Tuesday to address the concerns.
Speaking to journalists during the protest, Fayose said the decision taken at the emergency sitting would determine whether the demonstrations would continue.
“We all know what happens in a collation room,” he said. “A collation room is where you soak garri with water at night and by morning it has swollen and turned into eba.
“For Nigerians to be satisfied, what we need is electronic transmission of results. They are already trying to deny it. Let’s wait till tomorrow. This protest is just a warning.”
Fayose also questioned the logic of abandoning electronic transmission after huge investments had been made.
“Something we spent close to a trillion naira to achieve, you now want to throw it away? That’s like taking our money and dumping it in the gutter. It cannot happen,” he added.
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US Judge Issues Final Ultimatum as FBI, DEA Delay Release of Tinubu Records
Fabian Apechihin
A United States federal judge, Beryl A. Howell, has sharply criticised the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) over what she described as deliberate delays in releasing records related to Nigerian President Bola Tinubu.
The documents are being sought through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request filed in 2022 by transparency advocate Aaron Greenspan, with backing from investigative journalist David Hundeyin. The records are expected to provide details on a narcotics-related case from the early 1990s that led to Tinubu forfeiting $460,000 to the U.S. government—allegations he has consistently denied.
In a ruling delivered on February 3, Judge Howell of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia rebuked both agencies for repeatedly missing court-ordered deadlines, noting that the case has dragged on for more than three years without substantial progress.
She subsequently imposed new deadlines, warning that further delays would no longer be tolerated.
Greenspan, the founder of transparency platform Plainsite, filed the FOIA request in June 2022. In 2023, the FBI announced it would release approximately 2,500 pages of Tinubu-related records in monthly batches of 500 pages. However, the process stalled after Tinubu opposed the disclosure, requesting a delay pending the outcome of a Nigerian Supreme Court case challenging his election victory. He argued at the time that releasing the records would “adversely affect” him.
Although Judge Howell approved the temporary pause and Tinubu’s election was later upheld, the FBI and DEA continued to seek extensions, further slowing the release of records linked to longstanding allegations of involvement in cocaine trafficking.
Court filings show that the FBI was expected to submit an updated status report in May 2025, but delayed until January 2026, when it sought yet another extension to February—prompting sharp criticism from the court.
“Defendant FBI has produced no records, despite initially anticipating completion of searches by August 1, 2025,” Howell stated, adding that deadlines had been repeatedly shifted with “minimal explanation.”
She further noted that, like the DEA, the FBI had failed to provide a credible timeline for completing the processing and release of the requested documents.
Judge Howell also dismissed the DEA’s justification for withholding documents for more than six months under the guise of inter-agency consultations.
“Defendant DEA has produced some documents … but has repeated the same explanation for six months and four joint status reports concerning twelve remaining pages not yet released,” she said.
The court ordered the DEA to provide Greenspan with a Vaughn index detailing the legal basis for redacting 50 pages and withholding 172 pages of the records. The agency was also directed to submit sworn affidavits explaining, page by page, when the remaining documents were sent for consultation, expected review timelines, and steps taken to expedite the process.
Similarly, the FBI was ordered to file sworn statements accounting for its repeated failure to meet court deadlines and to begin releasing all non-exempt Tinubu-related records. The bureau was instructed to deliver an initial batch within two weeks of January 30, 2026, submit a detailed schedule for releasing the second batch of 500 pages by March 13, and complete full disclosure by June 1, 2026.
Judge Howell further ordered both agencies to file joint status reports every 14 days, starting February 27, until all responsive records have been processed and released.
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