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Concrete Cooperation Between China and West Africa Accelerates

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In recent years, pragmatic cooperation between China and West Africa has grown in both quantity and quality: trade volumes have increased significantly, clean energy and energy projects have been launched, port and transport infrastructure has improved, and agricultural transformation along with technological cooperation has accelerated. At the same time, cultural exchanges and vocational training programs have deepened, laying a strong social foundation for sustainable cooperation.Deepening Trade and InvestmentSenegal’s import and export volume has grown rapidly, from USD 9.26 billion in 2014 to USD 17.69 billion in 2024, an average annual growth rate of 6.7%. In 2024, China overtook France to become Senegal’s largest supplier, marking a new milestone in China–Senegal economic cooperation. The country’s rich natural resources and political stability provide an attractive environment for bilateral trade.In terms of trade structure, Senegal exports specialty agricultural products, refined petroleum products, and minerals. In 2024, China imported USD 747.507 million worth of Senegalese minerals, a dramatic 751.8% increase from the previous year, including raw gold worth 4.653 billion yuan (≈ USD 647 million). Due to limited arable land and an underdeveloped processing industry, the country also imports large quantities of grain and industrial goods; electromechanical equipment, textiles, and consumer goods manufactured in China are among its main imports. In 2024, China’s exports to Senegal totaled 33.697 billion yuan, while imports from Senegal reached 7.749 billion yuan, bringing total bilateral trade to 41.446 billion yuan.China–Nigeria investment cooperation has also produced tangible results. For example, the Ogun Guangdong Free Trade Zone in Nigeria, enjoying tax exemptions, has attracted several technology companies from Zhongguancun; it now hosts 142 enterprises, with cumulative investment reaching USD 2 billion and more than 9,000 jobs created. The zone is home to one of Africa’s largest ceramics companies, Wangkang Ceramics, one of West Africa’s largest glass factories, China Glass, and Nigeria’s largest packaging carton factory, Hewang Packaging.In Nigeria, Chinese companies are shifting from simply undertaking public works projects to engaging in industrial investment, manufacturing, and deeper energy sector participation. Recently, Nigerian officials reported that several Chinese companies had expressed investment intentions or commitments exceeding USD 20 billion in sectors such as agriculture, mining, automobile manufacturing, steel, and energy. Nigerian authorities view these “intentions” as key drivers for industrialization and job creation.In terms of project types, this wave of cooperation combines traditional public works contracts with a growing number of investments targeting local production and “localization”: some companies plan to establish manufacturing plants, processing bases, and on-site mineral resource upgrading facilities. Unlike the old “construction–supply–revenue repatriation” model, the current approach emphasizes local production, local employment, and supply chains anchored within the country. If these intentions materialize into actual investments, they will help boost Nigeria’s manufacturing capacity and increase the share of processed goods in its exports.Vast Prospects in the Energy SectorChina–Africa cooperation in green energy has seen several notable achievements. BYD has launched its “Yuan PLUS” long-range electric vehicle in Dakar, offering residents a more environmentally friendly mobility option. Chinese-made solar streetlights are widely used in rural Senegal, improving public lighting and agricultural production conditions. In Dakar’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) network, all 121 articulated 18-meter electric buses are of Chinese origin; the stations and depot are equipped with photovoltaic systems, significantly reducing urban energy consumption.For electrifying remote rural areas, Chinese companies are developing off-grid photovoltaic projects, installing solar plants and distribution networks to bring reliable electricity to households and farms without grid access. The Senegalese government is actively working to optimize its energy mix: President Faye’s energy strategy aims for 40% renewable energy by 2030, a key goal for enhancing energy independence and combating climate change. In recent years, Chinese companies have invested in several photovoltaic power plants in Senegal; projects are growing in scale, and feasibility studies for phase II—including energy storage—have been launched. Some projects even plan to install solar panels along highways to power nearby villages.With abundant sunshine and wind resources in Senegal, and China’s mature expertise in new technologies, the two sides have obvious complementarities and vast cooperation potential.In July 2025, China Energy Engineering Group (CEEC) and other Chinese companies served as the general contractor for the largest biomass power plant under construction in West Africa: the Biaoya biomass plant in Côte d’Ivoire, with a capacity of 46 MW, successfully completed its first power injection—laying the foundation for the progressive start-up of units and grid connection. Located in the Abuissu region, about 100 km east of Abidjan, the project is the largest biomass power plant in the subregion and the first in Côte d’Ivoire. Equipped with two 23 MW steam turbine units, it will use palm oil industry waste (leaves and stems) as fuel. During construction and operation, the project is expected to create over 1,000 jobs and provide supplementary income for about 12,000 palm growers. Once operational, it will produce about 348 million kWh per year—enough to meet the annual electricity demand of about 1.7 million people—and reduce CO₂ emissions by about 180,000 tons per year, contributing to sustainable energy and local socio-economic development.Infrastructure and Development Projects to Improve Living ConditionsThe Simandou iron ore deposit in western Guinea is one of the world’s largest and highest-quality yet-to-be-exploited reserves: proven reserves exceed 2.25 billion tons, with total resources possibly reaching 5 billion tons, and an iron content of 66–67%, ranking among the best globally. Once fully developed, the deposit could allow annual exports of up to 120 million tons. Currently, Chinese groups led by China Communications Construction Company (CCCC, Port and Navigation / China Harbour Engineering Company) are working to establish the necessary logistics for transporting the ore.The Simandou port project, located at the mouth of the Marébayah River, is being built by China Harbour and has been progressing steadily since construction began in September 2023. Once completed, this terminal will be the main export hub for Simandou ore, boosting mining operations and contributing significantly to Guinea’s economic and social development as well as to global iron ore supply stability.During construction, companies have taken on social responsibilities: in a nearby fishing village, residents once suffered from isolation and poor road conditions. “Before, our paths were just dirt; when it rained, everything turned muddy and we couldn’t move around. Our farm produce couldn’t leave, and essential goods couldn’t come in,” recalls Mamadou, a septuagenarian fisherman. Thanks to the Simandou port project, the construction team built a wide road to the port and helped repair internal village roads. “Today, we have a ‘road to prosperity’; travel is easier and our goods can reach farther markets,” he says with a broad smile.The Friendship Port in Mauritania, built by Chinese companies and operational since 1986, handles over 90% of the country’s imports and is a key pillar of the national economy—often called “Mauritania’s lung.” With local economic growth, the existing docks became insufficient. With China’s continued support, the port was expanded: in 2014, China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) built docks 4 and 5, increasing capacity from 0.9 million tons to 6 million tons. According to commercial director Ahmedou Gaid, the port’s traffic in 2024 reached 6.12 million tons, with container throughput of 230,000 TEUs, accounting for about 80% of the country’s foreign trade and making a strong contribution to national economic development.Rich and Varied Cultural ExchangesIn July 2025, Nigeria’s national radio launched the program Ni Hao, China (“Hello, China”) in Abuja. Present at the inauguration were Chinese Ambassador to Nigeria Yu Dunhai, Director-General of the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) Brama, service heads, staff, and journalists. In his speech, Ambassador Yu noted that 2026 will be the “Year of China–Africa Cultural Exchanges”; thus, the launch of this program is timely and will offer Nigerians a new platform to learn Chinese and discover China, strengthening public support for bilateral economic cooperation and consolidating the China–Nigeria strategic partnership.Founded in 1978, FRCN broadcasts nationwide and remains a major source of information for the population, reaching more than 200 million potential listeners. Ni Hao, China began airing on July 16 and is broadcast every Wednesday from 17:00 to 17:30 nationwide. The program combines Chinese language lessons with segments on China’s economy, technology, society, and culture, giving Nigerians a fresh and diverse window into China.Sino-African artistic exchanges are also notable. In April 2025, the percussion ensemble of China’s Central Conservatory of Music toured Senegal. At a concert in Dakar’s Grand National Theatre, Senegal’s Doudou N’Diaye Rose ensemble performed traditional sabar rhythms, while the Chinese group played percussion pieces such as Drum Poem and Hundred Birds Singing. Conductor Mustafa N’Diaye remarked: “We greatly enjoyed the performance of Chinese percussion… The drum is not just an instrument, it’s a form of cultural transmission.” Professor Yin Fei (from the Chinese side) noted that, like African percussion, Chinese percussion has a rich history; the fusion of the two styles brings shared joy and power. Both sides expressed their desire to strengthen artistic and academic exchanges so that culture can help bring people closer together.Upgrading Agricultural CooperationCôte d’Ivoire is the world’s largest cocoa producer, accounting for about 40% of global production. In 2024, Ivorian production reached nearly 2 million tons, with over 1.4 million tons exported; however, the local processing rate remained low (about 30%). In June 2025, the Abidjan cocoa processing plant—built by Nanning Design & Engineering Co., Ltd, a Chinese light industry company—was officially handed over. Located in PK24, northwest of Abidjan, the plant covers about 21 hectares; it has a processing capacity of 50,000 tons per year and storage capacity of 140,000 tons, making it the largest cocoa bean storage center owned by Côte d’Ivoire. Previously, around 15 large-scale processing plants existed in the country, but most were foreign-owned, with the chocolate and processing markets dominated by Western companies. Now, Côte d’Ivoire has its own large-scale processing unit and storage center, strengthening its voice in the global cocoa market.In Guinea-Bissau, traditional production methods limit agricultural development, and rice productivity remains low. In June 2025, China’s 12th agricultural expert team on a technical assistance mission organized a high-yield rice cultivation training course in the central Bafatá region, bringing together over 210 agricultural officials, farmers, and technicians from across the country.During the training, Chinese experts adapted their teaching to local conditions and farming practices, explaining all steps—from nursery preparation and field management to integrated pest and disease control. In field demonstrations, rice expert Liao Zuoyi held rice ears in his hands while explaining key technical points to participants: “Our goal is not just to increase yields, but to teach farmers sustainable production methods. Only strong roots allow rice fields to resist lodging and achieve high yields.”Biyoï, a farmer from Oio region, said: “Before, we farmed using traditional methods and depended on the will of the skies. Today, thanks to these modern rice cultivation techniques, farmers hold the key to success.” Zheng Junjie, head of the 12th Chinese agricultural expert mission in Guinea-Bissau, stated: “It’s better to teach someone to fish than to give them fish. We hope these techniques, like seeds, will take root in Guinea-Bissau and benefit more farmers.”

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Discovering culture and friendship in China’s ‘Snow Capital’ Altay

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By Huan Xiang, Han Liqun, Hu Renba

Altay Prefecture, located in the northwest frontier of China, sits in the northeast part of Ili Kazak autonomous prefecture in the north of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. It borders Mongolia to the east, Kazakhstan to the west, and Russia to the north.

From the pristine Kanas Lake, hailed as “a pure land on earth,” to the majestic landscapes of Koktokay and to the millennia-old rock paintings that earned Altay its global reputation as the “cradle of skiing,” this land is distinguished by its breathtaking natural beauty and profound cultural heritage.

“Come here, try our kebabs!” called out a man in slightly accented Mandarin. He is Percev Timofei Nikolayevich, affectionately known as Jima, a Kazakh national who now co-owns a barbecue restaurant in Beitun, Altay Prefecture, with his Chinese wife, Guan Xinlan.

Their story began at the Jeminay Port, a long-standing border crossing at the convergence of China, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Mongolia. With over a century of trading history, the port has long served as one of the most accessible gateways for China’s commerce with the three neighboring countries. 

Since reopening more than 30 years ago, it has quickly regained its role as a regional trade hub. Spotting the opportunity, Guan opened a small eatery near the port in 2005 and learned Russian to serve foreign customers.

Jima, a long-haul truck driver on the China-Kazakhstan route, soon became her de facto language tutor. Known for his warmth and generosity, he helped Guan learn Russian while also supplying her with specialty ingredients from Kazakhstan. Their relationship blossomed, and the couple married in 2009. Jima chose to settle in Altay, where he now helps run their growing business.

In recent years, improved customs efficiency and a mutual visa exemption agreement between China and Kazakhstan have significantly facilitated cross-border movement. For Jima’s family, the prosperity of the port has laid the foundation for a fulfilling life. The booming popularity of Altay as a cultural and tourism destination has opened new opportunities. In April this year, they relocated their restaurant to Beitun, expanding their reach with signature Russian-style kebabs.

From truck driver to entrepreneur, Jima has made Altay his second home. “Altay is beautiful and well-connected, attracting visitors from neighboring countries and beyond,” he said.

Altay’s mountainous terrain is covered in snow for nearly a quarter of the year. In 2018, China’s National Climate Center recognized Altay as the “Snow Capital of China.” The region’s core ice-and-snow area spans more than 30,000 square kilometers, comparable to the Alps in Europe or the Rockies in North America, making it one of the world’s premier destinations for ski tourism.

In 2005, a herder discovered ancient cave paintings in an Altay valley depicting humans skiing on primitive boards with a single pole in hand to hunt. Confirmed by researchers, these drawings represent the earliest known evidence of human skiing activities, dating back between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago.

At an international seminar on ancient skiing culture held in Altay in January 2015, more than 30 experts from 18 countries, including Norway, Sweden, and Finland, reached a consensus recognizing Altay as the birthplace of human skiing.

Nestled in the Altay Mountains, Altay is often described as “a city built within a ski resort.” Its Jiangjunshan International Ski Resort, just 1.6 kilometers from the city’s central square, holds a national 5S alpine skiing destination. With annual snowfall depth exceeding two meters, its light, fluffy powder snow has earned it the nickname “Asia’s powder snow paradise.”

The resort also reflects the growing internationalization of China’s winter sports. “We’ve seen an increase in foreign visitors in recent years, from tropical countries like Malaysia to traditional winter sports nations such as Russia, South Korea, and Japan,” said Li Xia, head of the Jiangjunshan Mountain Ski Academy.

Altay has rapidly expanded its ski infrastructure in recent years. Apart from major resorts such as the Jiangjunshan and Koktokay international ski resorts, recreational ski facilities have been established in every county. During the most recent snow season, Altay welcomed 1.408 million ski tourists, a 23.37 percent year-on-year increase.

In Altay, traces of early human skiing meet the vibrancy of a modern, international winter sports hub. With snow as a bridge and culture as its core, this borderland continues to foster stories of friendship and connection.

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Shared development: a strategic response to global challenges

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By He Yin, People’s Daily

On September 23 local time, China hosted the High-Level Meeting on Global Development Initiative (GDI) at the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York, announcing new steps to advance the initiative with the international community. A statement was issued at the meeting, reaffirming the consensus to prioritize development and deepen cooperation under the initiative.

At a time when global development faces challenges, China is committed to building consensus and mobilizing international cooperation to drive the GDI forward, injecting strong impetus into addressing development difficulties worldwide and accelerating the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Development remains an eternal theme of human society and the key to people’s well-being. The UN Charter enshrined development as one of the organization’s founding purposes.

In September 2021, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Development Initiative at the general debate of the 76th session of the UN General Assembly. With the broadest interests of humanity in mind, he called on all parties to stay committed to development as a priority, to a people-centered approach, to benefits for all, to innovation-driven development, to harmony between man and nature, and to results-oriented actions.

Since its launch, the GDI has provided a practical framework for renewing global cooperation on common development. Against the backdrop of rising unilateralism and protectionism, which have severely undermined international development cooperation, the world economy has lost momentum, and the development divide between the North and the South has continued to widen. 

In this increasingly challenging environment, the GDI has gained relevance and traction as a guiding framework for reinvigorating international development cooperation. To date, over 130 countries and international organizations have taken part in the implementation of the GDI. The UN has established a GDI implementation work group, and the China-Africa-UNIDO Center of Excellence has been inaugurated. 

As China’s proposals turn into international consensus and the country’s visions for inclusive development translate into concrete actions, the GDI is increasingly recognized as a global public good aligned with the needs of the times. 

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres affirmed that the GDI is totally compatible with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and directly addresses the development challenges confronting the international community.

China has always championed win-win cooperation and common development, advocating joint efforts to make the development pie bigger. The GDI embodies this approach through concrete action.

At a time when some developed countries have fallen short on development-finance commitments or reduced support for international institutions, the initiative has mobilized tangible resources and partnerships to support common progress.

In the past four years, the initiative has mobilized more than $23 billion to support the development and revitalization of the Global South, and launched over 1,800 cooperation projects. From technological cooperation to capacity building, from poverty reduction and education to the digital economy, from high-yield rice to fungus-based processing, and from child nutrition and health to women’s economic empowerment, GDI cooperation has delivered tangible benefits and strengthened local development capabilities.

These efforts have demonstrated that China’s philosophies and agenda of common development not only help countries address pressing challenges, but also provide strong momentum for advancing the broader cause of global development.

Facing new circumstances and challenges, China remains firmly committed to advancing common development. It recently announced that it would forgo any request for new special and differential treatment in current and future World Trade Organization negotiations. This decision demonstrates China’s firm commitment to safeguarding the multilateral trading system and carries clear development significance. It will help refocus the multilateral trading system on development priorities and enhance the inclusiveness and universality of international trade.

China also announced a package of concrete measures: over the next five years, it will implement another 2,000 “small and beautiful” livelihood projects in developing countries; establish a funding program dedicated to digital capacity-building within the Global Development Capital Pool; put forward a new AI+ International Cooperation Initiative; carry out 200 maritime development cooperation projects; and implement a Clean Stove Project in developing countries. 

These initiatives will accelerate the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and enable more developing countries to seize the opportunities of technological transformation and green transition.

On the path of development, no country or individual should be left behind. This simple yet profound vision animates the GDI and is integral to building a community with a shared future for humanity. China stands ready to work with all parties to use the GDI as a platform to upgrade cooperation, prioritize practical actions, and achieve shared benefits, so that the fruits of development will better benefit people around the world.

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Farming made easy: how an APP is revolutionizing rural harvests in E China’s Jiangxi

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Yang Yanfei, People’s Daily

At 8 p.m. in Longyun village, Yantian township, Anfu county, Ji’an, east China’s Jiangxi province, Li Minggui reclined in his rocking chair after a long day, chatting with his wife about the rice harvest.

Li is the head of the Yantian comprehensive agricultural service center. While most parts of Jiangxi are racing to complete the double-cropping rice season, hilly villages like Longyun began harvesting their single-cropping rice in early September.

As the couple spoke, Li’s phone rang. “Hello, this is from Walou village in Xukeng township. I got your number through the Ganjitong farm machinery dispatch system. Do you have time tomorrow? The weather looks good for drying grain,” said a farmer on the line.

“No problem, but the dew is heavy in the morning, so you have to wait until 9 a.m. I’ll send our veteran, Min Lixiang, to lead the team,” Li replied.

At 3 p.m. the next day, Min and his team had wrapped up work in Walou village and were already operating their harvester in Tuqiao village, also in Yantian. The machine roared through the paddies, pulling in golden stalks of rice with each pass.

On the edge of the field, Min carefully maneuvered the machine, adjusting angles to sweep up even stray stalks with precision. Watching closely, Li gave him a thumbs-up: “Min’s got real skills. He keeps losses to a minimum. Farmers from all around ask for him during harvest.”

“We can always count on Min,” said local farmer Zhou Hailiang with a grin. “Yields look solid this year, around 700 kilograms per mu (about 467 kilograms per hectare).”

“I signed up for full-service farm management this season. Li has been guiding me through every step,” Zhou added, gesturing toward Li.

“With the Ganjitong app, farmers can order services just like takeout, from seedling cultivation and plowing to transplanting, pest control, harvesting, and drying,” Li explained. He keeps over 300 farmers’ contacts on his phone and handles dozens of requests daily. The center’s five harvesters have been running full tilt since the season began.

Anfu county has established several such agricultural service centers, offering integrated, one-stop solutions that cover the entire cycle from seed to harvest.

As one of Jiangxi’s major grain-producing counties, Anfu manages roughly 880,000 mu (around 58,700 hectares) of cultivated land. The combination of full-service centers and digital, on-demand platforms has given local farmers more flexibility and peace of mind.

According to Ouyang Suqin, head of the agricultural machinery division at the county’s rural vitalization service center, data from the Ganjitong system is integrated into a county-wide smart agriculture platform that manages more than 500 pieces of farm machinery. During peak harvest periods, centralized dispatch has boosted efficiency by over 30 percent and halved the average waiting time for farmers.

That evening, Li’s phone rang again. “According to the county platform, all of Yantian’s machines are booked, but Guashe township has already finished harvesting and has idle equipment. You can redeploy them,” Ouyang informed Li.

“The system gives us real-time access to machine availability across the entire county, allowing us to allocate resources where they’re most needed,” Li said.

As night fell, harvesters returned one after another to the service center’s garage. Squatting beside a harvester, Li wiped down the blades carefully. “Rice takes half a year to grow. If we put in a little more care, the farmers will see a better return,” he noted.

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