Foreign
Archeological excavation of Terracotta Warriors witnesses development of China’s cultural and museum sector
By Zhang Tie, Zhang Danhua, People’s Daily
In March 1974, local farmers accidentally unearthed fragments of clay figurines while digging a well in Lintong, northwest China’s Shaanxi province, leading to one of the most significant archeological discoveries in the 20th century — the army of Terracotta Warriors.
As a treasure of Chinese civilization, the Terracotta Warriors offer a vivid glimpse into the formidable national power, burial customs and artistic achievements in the era of Emperor Qinshihuang, the first emperor to unify China, during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC).
After 50 years of archaeological excavation, the “underground army” has unveiled its true form. It contains about 8,000 figurines of terracotta warriors and horses and 40,000 weapons, which are spread across three pits, covering an area of over 20,000 square meters.
There are also vividly displayedmilitary formationsdating back to over 2,000 years, accompanied by functional areas such as military camps and tents. Besides, the Terracotta Warriors exhibit diverse clothing and hairstyles, and each warrior is unique in appearance.
The discovery and excavation of the Terracotta Warriors have led to a systematic and comprehensive exploration of the Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum (hereinafter referred to as “the museum”), which covers an area of approximately 56 square kilometers. In 1987, the Emperor Qinshihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriorswereincluded in the World Heritage List by UNESCO.
On September 8, 2024, an emergency protection lab was established and put into operation at pit No. 1 of the museum, while an archaeological excavation and protection platform was set up and started operating at pit No. 2.
The emergency protection lab is equipped with an environment control system, specialized lighting, work recording capabilities, a system for collecting information on cultural relics, and devices for lifting and transporting cultural relics.
According to Shen Maosheng, a researcher with the museum, these systems and equipment were implemented for the purpose of excavating, protecting, and displaying cultural relics simultaneously.It is backed by an innovative approach that combines on-site emergency protection, archaeological platforms, specialized equipment, and information technology.
Over the past 50 years, cultural heritage workers have tackled a number of technological challenges, including the protection of excavation sites, the restoration of the pieces of the painted Terracotta Warriors, and using remote sensing and geophysical prospecting to uncover the secrets of the underground palace.
While the Terracotta Warriors on display to the public seem to be tall and intact, upon their initial excavation,they were mostly in a broken state, with each warrior typically consisting of numerous fragments.
“Before they begin their work, repairersoften spend one to three years practicing even a single technique such as adhesive bonding,” said Lan Desheng, a cultural relicsconservation and restoration expert with the museum. Lan said that even a deviation as small as one millimeter in the bottom fragments can hinder them from aligning properly at the top.
In the restoration process, industrial scanners have been utilized to gather surface information of cultural relics, thereby establishing a three-dimensional database; virtual stitching technology has been employed to assemble the fragments in a specific orderbased onthe measurements of geometric similarity. These cutting-edge technologies are instrumental in restoring the Terracotta Warriors to their original appearance and in enhancing efforts related to the protection, restoration design, and digital display.
The Terracotta Warriors exhibit a diverse range of colors. However, without timely protection, the pigments on the figurines can quickly dehydrate, curl, and peel off within minutes of being excavated.
Since the 1980s and 1990s, scientists from home and abroad have collaborated to research and develop techniques for analyzing and preserving the painted colors, with the goal of maintaining this vibrant and colorful underground world.
In May this year, the museumreached an agreement with the Foundation for Cultural Heritage Sciencesin France to collaborate onresearch for protecting wooden remains and earthen archaeological sites. Besides, ithas partnered with research institutions from Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom (UK), and other countries to enhance dialogue on safeguarding world cultural heritage.So far, it has received over 160 million visits from home and abroad who came to witness the grandeur of the Qin Dynasty.
The Terracotta Warriors have emerged as a global icon, acting as China’s “golden card.” In 1976, two warrior figurines and a clay horse from the site made their debut in Japan, marking the first overseas showcase of the Terracotta Warriors.
An exhibition related to the Terracotta Warriors in the UK from 2007 to 2008 sold out 100,000 tickets, while the exhibition “Terracotta Warriors and Ancient China: Heritage from the Qin and Han Dynasty” in Japan from 2022 to 2023 attracted over 400,000 localvisitors. Each exhibition overseas featuring the Terracotta Warriors has sparked a surge of interest in Chinese culture.
Since its opening, the museum has welcomed more than 230 foreign heads of state and dignitaries. A total of 277 exhibitionshave been held in nearly 200 cities across over 50 countries and regions, attracting a total of 20 million visits. The number of overseas exhibitions and the size of the audience rank among the best in the world.
“Over the past 50 years, the protection, excavation, research, interpretation, inheritance, and utilization of the museumhaveexemplified China’s innovative practices and dedication to staying current in fields such as archaeological exploration, cultural relic restoration, scientific protection, site display, heritage education, and cultural exchanges,” said Li Gang, curator of the museum.
“We are committed to continuing our efforts in sharing the story of the Qinshihuang Mausoleum and the Terracotta Warriors with the world, establishing a model for the protection, inheritance, and promotion of cultural heritage,” Li said.
Foreign
Shantou taps new growth momentum via AI token exports
By Li Gang, People’s Daily
As artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates the transformation of global industries, a new form of digital trade is emerging in the southern Chinese city of Shantou: exporting computing services measured not in physical goods, but in AI tokens.
In late April, Shantou, Guangdong province completed full-chain verification for what has become known as “token exports” — a model in which computing power remains within China while high-value AI services are delivered to overseas users. Within just one month, average daily token usage surged from 100 million to the tens-of-billions level.
The practical application of this model is already well underway.
Recently, when a user in Singapore activated an AI-powered toy and gave a simple command — “Tell me a fairy tale” — the spoken command traveled through the network directly to a dedicated overseas computing zone inside a computing center in Shantou.
Local deployed AI agents wrap up speech recognition in under one second and craft custom story content, firing the finished audio back to the Singapore-based toy device in as little as 0.1 seconds.
The user repeated the process multiple times, eventually listening to five stories in total. Approximately 100,000 tokens were consumed during the interaction and billed in real time at a rate of 2 yuan ($0.3) per one million tokens.
When payment arrived, a complete commercial cycle was achieved, marking the successful realization of Shantou’s “token export” model.
Tokens represent the smallest discrete calculation unit for large AI models to process information. They have become a key indicator of intelligent computing capacity and, increasingly, a new carrier of value in the digital economy.
Inside the China (Shantou) Pilot Zone for Economic and Cultural Cooperation with Overseas Chinese, token exports are already transforming the economics of electricity.
Today, overseas users across multiple countries and regions in Southeast Asia are accessing token services generated in Shantou.
“Data flows in from abroad and all processed outputs head back overseas, with zero compromise to end-user experience,” explained Cai Qichen, an engineer at the Shantou Branch of wireless carrier China Mobile. “Token costs have already been integrated into product service packages, making future usage more convenient.”
According to estimates from toy manufacturer SHOWMAC based in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, using Shantou’s computing services reduces costs by more than 30 percent compared with directly purchasing overseas computing resources.
Meanwhile, inside computing centers, turning electricity into AI tokens delivers dramatic value appreciation. A kilowatt-hour of electricity, which comes at a cost of roughly 0.5 yuan($0.07) , can be transformed through AI computing into tokens and then exported at a price of 11 yuan($1.6), representing a twenty-two-fold increase.
As one of eastern Guangdong’s major offshore wind power bases, Shantou has already connected 1.2 million kilowatts of installed capacity to China’s power grid.
The electricity itself does not need to cross borders. Computing power remains within China. What gets exported instead are high-value digital services, turning electricity into a form of hard currency for cross-border digital trade.
Ultra-low network latency forms the technical backbone making token exports feasible.
“More than half of China’s outbound bandwidth carried by international submarine cables lands in Shantou, and the city is also home to five undersea trunk cables linking destinations worldwide,” said Hong Zhebin, chief technology officer of the international submarine cable landing station operated by the Shantou branch of wireless carrier China Telecom.
“The latency between Shantou and Singapore is only 32.7 milliseconds, quicker than the blink of an eye,” Hong added.
Hong Yu with the Shantou Branch of China Mobile, added that Shantou’s overseas computing services offer stable response speeds, regulatory compliance, and substantial cost advantages.
“Our pricing is only 1/3 to 1/2 that of mainstream international platforms, while customer retention exceeds 70 percent,” Hong told People’s Daily.
Yet building a complete end-to-end system is only the starting point. Shantou is now attempting to transform itself from a transit city for digital infrastructure into an ecosystem hub.
Leading computing companies and developers are gathering rapidly. Pilot platforms have passed acceptance reviews. Commercial closed loops have already emerged in applications ranging from AI toys to intelligent manufacturing, with large-scale operations expected soon.
Shantou’s Chenghai district has long been known as the “toy capital of China.” As AI becomes increasingly integrated with the toy industry, the city has launched an AI toy innovation center and the Shantou AI Laboratory, striving to become the “AI toy capital of China.”
At the exhibition space of one local tech firm sits Amy, an AI desktop robot capable of fluid multilingual conversation.
“It is equipped with a multilingual intelligent voice interaction system capable of real-time recognition and conversation in dozens of languages,” said the company’s general manager Chen Ruifeng.
The technology has already been integrated into multiple AI toy products exported to countries including the United Kingdom, Russia, and Japan.
Shantou’s token export model allows AI toy manufacturers to access domestic large language models at costs far below those of overseas alternatives.
“The cost of using overseas AI models can be dozens of times higher than domestic models,” Chen said. The company’s AI toys currently run on Chinese large models including DeepSeek and Doubao.
“Token exports have significantly increased both product value-added and international competitiveness,” he said.
The Shantou branch of wireless carrier China Unicom, together with a Guangdong-based tech firm, has established dedicated lines connecting Shantou and Vietnam, delivering cross-border computing services to Aachen Sv, a Chinese-invested fiber-optic company operating in Vietnam.
Vietnamese users accessing large models such as DeepSeek and Qwen experience extremely low latency with zero packet loss. “In less than a month, more than a dozen companies have approached us for consultations,” an employee of the Guangdong-based tech firm said.
Meanwhile, the Guangdong branch of China Mobile has launched an OpenClaw intelligent agent framework, providing integrated AI service packages that allow traditional toys to complete intelligent upgrades in as little as 15 days.
From toys to textiles, cross-border e-commerce, and high-end manufacturing, tokens are increasingly becoming the digital fuel powering Shantou’s industrial upgrading.
Foreign
Sanxingdui Museum transforms ancient relics into interactive experiences
By Song Haoxin, People’s Daily
What if museum visitors could truly interact with cultural relics rather than merely observe them through glass displays? At the Sanxingdui Museum in southwest China’s Sichuan province, a specially designed interactive hall is revolutionizing cultural engagement.
Within this 1,300-square-meter space, nearly every exhibit invites touch, operation, or participation. Visitors immerse themselves in installations inspired by the ancient Shu civilization, blending education with entertainment.
By trying on replicas of headwear on bronze statues discovered in Sanxingdui Ruins, for example, visitors can not only take photos of themselves but also learn about the symbolic meanings behind different headpieces.
Guests can don replicas of bronze statue headwear from the Sanxingdui Ruins, learning their symbolic meanings while capturing photos. Augmented reality allows dancing alongside virtual Sanxingdui figures for social media sharing. A creation zone even enables “time travel” to experience ancient bronze-casting and construction techniques.
These innovations transform traditional museum visits, offering deeper cultural understanding through hands-on interaction. “This hall emerged from extensive brainstorming,” explained Zhu Yarong, deputy director of the management committee of the Sanxingdui Ruins site.
“We’re transitioning from passive relic viewing to interactive engagement, bridging the gap between audiences and history.”
Previously, museum experiences were largely one-directional with limited engagement. Visitors viewed relics through display cases, usually stopping mainly to take photographs, with relatively limited forms of engagement. By liberating artifacts from display cases into interactive settings, Sanxingdui is pioneering a shift from didactic presentation to open cultural dialogue.
Traditional exhibition spaces remain popular, while digital innovations attract growing interest. A VR project employs digital twin technology to recreate 1:1 scale excavation sites — complete with protective shelters and cabins — placing visitors at the archaeological forefront.
Another project, Heaven and Earth Echoes — Sanxingdui Panoramic Sound and Vision Digital Art Theater, features an interactive panoramic LED dome with a diameter of 20 meters and a resolution approaching 16K. The massive dome creates a deeply immersive atmosphere. By waving digital torches in their hands, visitors can trigger sacred birds to circle above them across the dome, experiencing the ancient Shu civilization through an interplay of sound and imagery.
“The digital technology made me feel as if I were racing across the Mamu River. That sense of traveling through time was incredible,” said Hao Yong, a tourist from southwest China’s Chongqing municipality who came specifically to experience a virtual reality program.
From passive observation to active participation, Sanxingdui Museum continues introducing new interactive experiences that transform cultural relics into living carriers of dialogue and engagement, helping keep the sparks of Chinese civilization alive for new generations.
Foreign
A living testimony about MKA: The Aondoakaa that I know Written By Brahms Tor-Ikuan
My people of Benue State,
I am not speaking to you today as a politician. I am speaking as a brother whose family was held up by Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa, MKA, when we had no one else to hold onto.
My elder brother, Verem Ukaa-Ikuan, was not just my blood. He was a very dear and close friend to Chief MKA. When my brother fell ill and was diagnosed with liver damage caused by poisoning, MKA didn’t treat it as someone else’s problem. He took it on as his own.
He worked closely with Verem during his time as Attorney General of the Federation, and when the sickness came, he moved immediately. Searches were conducted, and Apollo Hospital in India was earmarked for a liver transplant. Every travel arrangement was made personally by Chief MKA.
But we hit a wall. Verem was too weak to fly a long commercial flight. Only an air ambulance could get him to India alive. At that time, there was only one functional air ambulance in the entire country, owned by Julius Berger. It was completely out of reach for even the most high-profile citizens.
Chief MKA went all out. He did not give excuses. He did not delay. He used every connection and every ounce of influence he had to secure that air ambulance for my brother.
On the day it was secured, Barr. Terna Yaji, his Senior Special Assistant, called me a few minutes after 6pm. He told us to prepare Verem for departure and take him to Makurdi airport very early the following morning. I informed him, my brother passed on at exactly 6 o’clock a few minutes ago. I told Barr. Terna Yaji, and I saw a devastated MKA.
During the burial, Chief MKA was out of the country on national assignment. He was pained that he could not be there physically. His entire team, led by the late Onov Tyuulugh, represented him fully. And his message to us at the burial has never left me:
“If death were law, as the Attorney General, a law would have been made no matter what to ensure Verem will just not die but live forever.”
That is who Mike Kaase Aondoakaa is when nobody is watching. He does not abandon his people. He does not forget. He stood with our family then, and he has stood with us till date.
Now he is asking for the chance to govern Benue State.
Benue needs a governor with a heart like that. A governor who fights for you even when there’s no political gain. A governor who sees you as family, not as a vote.
I am standing with Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa for Governor of Benue State.
For compassion that moves to action.
For loyalty that does not fade.
For leadership that proves itself in the darkest hour.
Join me. Let us give Benue a leader who has already shown what he will do for us.
God bless Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa.
God bless Benue State.
Brahms Tor-Ikuan, a beneficiary of MKA’s benevolence writes from Makurdi
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