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China’s total power use exceeds 10 trillion kWh in 2025

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By Ding Yiting, People’s Daily

China’s total power use in 2025 reached 10.3682 trillion kWh, according to the latest data released by the National Energy Administration, The figure surpassed 10 trillion kWh for the first time, with China becoming the world’s first country to reach that level.

What does the figure of 10 trillion kWh mean?

It is more than twice the annual electricity consumption of the United States and exceeds the combined total of the European Union, Russia, India and Japan. China’s power use first surpassed 1 trillion kWh in 1996. It went on to become the world’s largest electricity consumer in 2011 and achieved universal access to electricity in 2015. By 2025, the country’s total power use had reached nearly twice the level of a decade earlier. Such growth ranks high compared with other major economies.

Power use is widely regarded as a “barometer” and “weather vane” of economic and social activities. Yang Kun, executive vice chairman of the China Electricity Council, noted that surpassing the 10-trillion-kWh mark reflects China’s fundamental role as a manufacturing powerhouse and demonstrates the comprehensive upgrading of the country’s energy supply capacity.

In 2025, power use by China’s secondary industry reached nearly 6.4 trillion kWh, accounting for about 64 percent of total power consumption and remaining the mainstay of electricity demand.

At Fubao Robot, an intelligent technology company based in east China’s Zhejiang province, technicians were upgrading intelligent eldercare robots. 

“We focus on differentiated, customized research and development and have received orders from the United Kingdom, Germany, France and other countries,” said Ye Ting, the company’s vice president. The firm’s electricity consumption has maintained rapid growth for 11 consecutive months, rising by more than 25 percent year on year in 2025.

The fast-growing artificial intelligence industry requires massive computing power, driving a sharp increase in electricity demand. In Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province, nearly 100 data centers are in operation, with electricity consumption rising 47.2 percent year on year in 2025.

In 2025, progress toward high-end, intelligent and green industrial development remained steady, with continuous optimization and upgrading of the economic structure. High-end manufacturing has emerged as a new driver of electricity demand, with growth rates in new energy vehicle manufacturing and wind power equipment manufacturing exceeding 20 percent and 30 percent, respectively. 

“The leading role of ‘new manufacturing’ in industrial electricity consumption continues to strengthen, with incremental demand increasingly coming from high value-added, technology-intensive industries,” Yang said.

The upgrading service sector has also become an important engine driving electricity consumption. In 2025, power use by the tertiary industry approached 2 trillion kWh, up 8.2 percent year on year and accounting for about 19.2 percent of total electricity consumption. 

Nationwide, electricity consumption in EV charging and battery swapping services, as well as information transmission, software and IT services, grew by 48.8 percent and 17 percent, respectively, with new demand flowing more toward new scenarios and services.

China is seeing a clear trend toward electrification in both energy production and consumption. With about 30 percent of its end-use energy now being electric—a rate higher than that of most major developed economies — electricity demand continues to rise.

Citrus cultivation and processing is one of the pillar industries in Xinping Yi and Dai autonomous county in Yuxi, southwest China’s Yunnan province. 

“Last year, we invested 20 million yuan ($2.87 million) in building an intelligent micro-sprinkler irrigation system, achieving fully automated watering across the orchards and boosting efficiency by about 65 percent compared with traditional methods,” said Zhang Yueqiang, a staff member at the technology center of a local orchard management company. 

To meet the electricity needs of specialty agriculture, local power authorities built and upgraded nearly 82 kilometers of 10-kilovolt power lines and installed 69 distribution transformers, supporting electricity consumption growth of more than 15 percent in the county’s citrus industry last year.

Across China, electrification is advancing rapidly across multiple fronts: from electric irrigation and smart greenhouses in rural areas, to the adoption of high-temperature heat pumps and electric heating for industrial energy substitution, and the growing use of “photovoltaic generation plus power storage” energy supply systems in buildings. Even ships and aircraft are increasingly turning to shore power while at berth. This rapid, multi-faceted electrification of end-use energy is accelerating the shift toward greener production and lifestyles.

Electricity demand keeps hitting record highs, and the scale is enormous — what gives the system the confidence to keep supply secure?

China’s world-leading power supply system and clean energy network underpin its ability to secure a massive power supply and sustain record-breaking electricity consumption levels.

China’s installed power generation capacity accounts for 1/3 of the global total. For every three kWh of electricity consumed, more than one kWh comes from clean energy. In 2025, the combined installed capacity of wind and solar power surpassed that of thermal power for the first time in history. Installed capacity of new energy storage exceeded 100 million kilowatts, accounting for more than 40 percent of the global total. These giant “power banks” have made wind and solar power generation more stable.

China boasts the world’s largest and most complex transmission and distribution network, which strengthens the grid.

Growth in power use relies on the grid’s capacity for resource allocation and regulation. By 2025, the country had built 46 ultra-high-voltage transmission lines, enabling the rapid delivery of abundant clean energy from western and northern regions to major load centers in the central and eastern parts of the country. The networks for “west-to-east power transmission” and “north-to-south power supply” have been further consolidated.

China is also home to the world’s largest “electricity marketplace.”

The development of a unified national electricity market has accelerated, allowing electricity to serve as an effective resource allocator while enabling market-based pricing to guide energy distribution. Since the launch of the 14th Five-Year Plan in 2021, the volume of electricity traded in the market has more than doubled, rising from 10.7 trillion kWh during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) to 23.8 trillion kWh.

The power use of 10 trillion kWh represents the continuous upgrading of China’s power supply capacity, the shift of China’s economy toward higher quality and innovation, and the steady improvement of people’s lives.

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Shantou taps new growth momentum via AI token exports

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By Li Gang, People’s Daily

As artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates the transformation of global industries, a new form of digital trade is emerging in the southern Chinese city of Shantou: exporting computing services measured not in physical goods, but in AI tokens.

In late April, Shantou, Guangdong province completed full-chain verification for what has become known as “token exports” — a model in which computing power remains within China while high-value AI services are delivered to overseas users. Within just one month, average daily token usage surged from 100 million to the tens-of-billions level.

The practical application of this model is already well underway. 

Recently, when a user in Singapore activated an AI-powered toy and gave a simple command — “Tell me a fairy tale” — the spoken command traveled through the network directly to a dedicated overseas computing zone inside a computing center in Shantou. 

Local deployed AI agents wrap up speech recognition in under one second and craft custom story content, firing the finished audio back to the Singapore-based toy device in as little as 0.1 seconds.

The user repeated the process multiple times, eventually listening to five stories in total. Approximately 100,000 tokens were consumed during the interaction and billed in real time at a rate of 2 yuan ($0.3) per one million tokens.

When payment arrived, a complete commercial cycle was achieved, marking the successful realization of Shantou’s “token export” model.

Tokens represent the smallest discrete calculation unit for large AI models to process information. They have become a key indicator of intelligent computing capacity and, increasingly, a new carrier of value in the digital economy.

Inside the China (Shantou) Pilot Zone for Economic and Cultural Cooperation with Overseas Chinese, token exports are already transforming the economics of electricity.

Today, overseas users across multiple countries and regions in Southeast Asia are accessing token services generated in Shantou.

“Data flows in from abroad and all processed outputs head back overseas, with zero compromise to end-user experience,” explained Cai Qichen, an engineer at the Shantou Branch of wireless carrier China Mobile. “Token costs have already been integrated into product service packages, making future usage more convenient.”

According to estimates from toy manufacturer SHOWMAC based in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, using Shantou’s computing services reduces costs by more than 30 percent compared with directly purchasing overseas computing resources.

Meanwhile, inside computing centers, turning electricity into AI tokens delivers dramatic value appreciation. A kilowatt-hour of electricity, which comes at a cost of roughly 0.5 yuan($0.07) , can be transformed through AI computing into tokens and then exported at a price of 11 yuan($1.6), representing a twenty-two-fold increase.

As one of eastern Guangdong’s major offshore wind power bases, Shantou has already connected 1.2 million kilowatts of installed capacity to China’s power grid.

The electricity itself does not need to cross borders. Computing power remains within China. What gets exported instead are high-value digital services, turning electricity into a form of hard currency for cross-border digital trade.

Ultra-low network latency forms the technical backbone making token exports feasible.

“More than half of China’s outbound bandwidth carried by international submarine cables lands in Shantou, and the city is also home to five undersea trunk cables linking destinations worldwide,” said Hong Zhebin, chief technology officer of the international submarine cable landing station operated by the Shantou branch of wireless carrier China Telecom.

“The latency between Shantou and Singapore is only 32.7 milliseconds, quicker than the blink of an eye,” Hong added.

Hong Yu with the Shantou Branch of China Mobile, added that Shantou’s overseas computing services offer stable response speeds, regulatory compliance, and substantial cost advantages.

“Our pricing is only 1/3 to 1/2 that of mainstream international platforms, while customer retention exceeds 70 percent,” Hong told People’s Daily.

Yet building a complete end-to-end system is only the starting point. Shantou is now attempting to transform itself from a transit city for digital infrastructure into an ecosystem hub.

Leading computing companies and developers are gathering rapidly. Pilot platforms have passed acceptance reviews. Commercial closed loops have already emerged in applications ranging from AI toys to intelligent manufacturing, with large-scale operations expected soon.

Shantou’s Chenghai district has long been known as the “toy capital of China.” As AI becomes increasingly integrated with the toy industry, the city has launched an AI toy innovation center and the Shantou AI Laboratory, striving to become the “AI toy capital of China.”

At the exhibition space of one local tech firm sits Amy, an AI desktop robot capable of fluid multilingual conversation.

“It is equipped with a multilingual intelligent voice interaction system capable of real-time recognition and conversation in dozens of languages,” said the company’s general manager Chen Ruifeng.

The technology has already been integrated into multiple AI toy products exported to countries including the United Kingdom, Russia, and Japan.

Shantou’s token export model allows AI toy manufacturers to access domestic large language models at costs far below those of overseas alternatives.

“The cost of using overseas AI models can be dozens of times higher than domestic models,” Chen said. The company’s AI toys currently run on Chinese large models including DeepSeek and Doubao.

“Token exports have significantly increased both product value-added and international competitiveness,” he said.

The Shantou branch of wireless carrier China Unicom, together with a Guangdong-based tech firm, has established dedicated lines connecting Shantou and Vietnam, delivering cross-border computing services to Aachen Sv, a Chinese-invested fiber-optic company operating in Vietnam.

Vietnamese users accessing large models such as DeepSeek and Qwen experience extremely low latency with zero packet loss. “In less than a month, more than a dozen companies have approached us for consultations,” an employee of the Guangdong-based tech firm said.

Meanwhile, the Guangdong branch of China Mobile has launched an OpenClaw intelligent agent framework, providing integrated AI service packages that allow traditional toys to complete intelligent upgrades in as little as 15 days.

From toys to textiles, cross-border e-commerce, and high-end manufacturing, tokens are increasingly becoming the digital fuel powering Shantou’s industrial upgrading.

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Sanxingdui Museum transforms ancient relics into interactive experiences

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By Song Haoxin, People’s Daily

What if museum visitors could truly interact with cultural relics rather than merely observe them through glass displays? At the Sanxingdui Museum in southwest China’s Sichuan province, a specially designed interactive hall is revolutionizing cultural engagement.

Within this 1,300-square-meter space, nearly every exhibit invites touch, operation, or participation. Visitors immerse themselves in installations inspired by the ancient Shu civilization, blending education with entertainment.

By trying on replicas of headwear on bronze statues discovered in Sanxingdui Ruins, for example, visitors can not only take photos of themselves but also learn about the symbolic meanings behind different headpieces. 

Guests can don replicas of bronze statue headwear from the Sanxingdui Ruins, learning their symbolic meanings while capturing photos. Augmented reality allows dancing alongside virtual Sanxingdui figures for social media sharing. A creation zone even enables “time travel” to experience ancient bronze-casting and construction techniques.

These innovations transform traditional museum visits, offering deeper cultural understanding through hands-on interaction. “This hall emerged from extensive brainstorming,” explained Zhu Yarong, deputy director of the management committee of the Sanxingdui Ruins site. 

“We’re transitioning from passive relic viewing to interactive engagement, bridging the gap between audiences and history.”

Previously, museum experiences were largely one-directional with limited engagement. Visitors viewed relics through display cases, usually stopping mainly to take photographs, with relatively limited forms of engagement. By liberating artifacts from display cases into interactive settings, Sanxingdui is pioneering a shift from didactic presentation to open cultural dialogue.

Traditional exhibition spaces remain popular, while digital innovations attract growing interest. A VR project employs digital twin technology to recreate 1:1 scale excavation sites — complete with protective shelters and cabins — placing visitors at the archaeological forefront.

Another project, Heaven and Earth Echoes — Sanxingdui Panoramic Sound and Vision Digital Art Theater, features an interactive panoramic LED dome with a diameter of 20 meters and a resolution approaching 16K. The massive dome creates a deeply immersive atmosphere. By waving digital torches in their hands, visitors can trigger sacred birds to circle above them across the dome, experiencing the ancient Shu civilization through an interplay of sound and imagery.

“The digital technology made me feel as if I were racing across the Mamu River. That sense of traveling through time was incredible,” said Hao Yong, a tourist from southwest China’s Chongqing municipality who came specifically to experience a virtual reality program.

From passive observation to active participation, Sanxingdui Museum continues introducing new interactive experiences that transform cultural relics into living carriers of dialogue and engagement, helping keep the sparks of Chinese civilization alive for new generations.

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A living testimony about MKA: The Aondoakaa that I know Written By Brahms Tor-Ikuan

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My people of Benue State,

I am not speaking to you today as a politician. I am speaking as a brother whose family was held up by Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa, MKA, when we had no one else to hold onto.

My elder brother, Verem Ukaa-Ikuan, was not just my blood. He was a very dear and close friend to Chief MKA. When my brother fell ill and was diagnosed with liver damage caused by poisoning, MKA didn’t treat it as someone else’s problem. He took it on as his own.

He worked closely with Verem during his time as Attorney General of the Federation, and when the sickness came, he moved immediately. Searches were conducted, and Apollo Hospital in India was earmarked for a liver transplant. Every travel arrangement was made personally by Chief MKA.

But we hit a wall. Verem was too weak to fly a long commercial flight. Only an air ambulance could get him to India alive. At that time, there was only one functional air ambulance in the entire country, owned by Julius Berger. It was completely out of reach for even the most high-profile citizens.

Chief MKA went all out. He did not give excuses. He did not delay. He used every connection and every ounce of influence he had to secure that air ambulance for my brother.

On the day it was secured, Barr. Terna Yaji, his Senior Special Assistant, called me a few minutes after 6pm. He told us to prepare Verem for departure and take him to Makurdi airport very early the following morning. I informed him, my brother passed on at exactly 6 o’clock a few minutes ago. I told Barr. Terna Yaji, and I saw a devastated MKA.

During the burial, Chief MKA was out of the country on national assignment. He was pained that he could not be there physically. His entire team, led by the late Onov Tyuulugh, represented him fully. And his message to us at the burial has never left me:

“If death were law, as the Attorney General, a law would have been made no matter what to ensure Verem will just not die but live forever.”

That is who Mike Kaase Aondoakaa is when nobody is watching. He does not abandon his people. He does not forget. He stood with our family then, and he has stood with us till date.

Now he is asking for the chance to govern Benue State.

Benue needs a governor with a heart like that. A governor who fights for you even when there’s no political gain. A governor who sees you as family, not as a vote.

I am standing with Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa for Governor of Benue State.
For compassion that moves to action.
For loyalty that does not fade.
For leadership that proves itself in the darkest hour.

Join me. Let us give Benue a leader who has already shown what he will do for us.

God bless Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa.
God bless Benue State.

Brahms Tor-Ikuan, a beneficiary of MKA’s benevolence writes from Makurdi

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