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How innovation, industrial chain upgrading reshape China’s slipper manufacturing

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By Qi Zhiming, Liu Xiaoyu,

Hong Qiuting, Dou Hao, People’s Daily
Neikeng township in Jinjiang, southeast China’s Fujian province, may sound unfamiliar to many, yet on average, one in every eight people worldwide wears a pair of sippers produced there.
This township is home to nearly 2,000 enterprises engaged in the slipper manufacturing business. It produces over 1 billion pairs of slippers each year, with total annual output value exceeding 30 billion yuan ($4.32 billion). On a broader scale, the city of Jinjiang, with Neikeng as its production core, exports about 40 pairs of slippers every second to global markets.
At Fujian Zhenlong Shoes Co., Ltd., local manufacturer Zhang Zhenxian’s phone buzzes continuously with international orders in English and French. Nearby, Musa, an African procurement specialist, scans a QR code on a slipper sole, instantly accessing product specifications, 3D diagrams, and compliance certificates. With a few tablet swipes, he customizes color and pattern in real-time. Within 30 seconds, a 3,000-pair order for Nigeria syncs to a smart factory 5 kilometers away.
What began as ordinary household footwear now sweeps global markets with remarkable speed. From Southeast Asian streets to American apartments, Chinese-made slippers have become everyday fashion items abroad.
In Yiwu in east China’s Zhejiang province, known as the world’s capital of small commodities, livestream e-commerce brings traditional manufacturing to global audience.
During a Tena Footwear livestream hosted by a Malaysian team, hexagon-patterned anti-slip sandals (priced at ¥120) demonstrated extraordinary grip on oil-coated glass and 45-degree steel slopes. Over 40,000 pairs sold in just three hours.
Tena Footwear, with two decades of export experience to Europe, the U.S., Japan, and South Korea, recognized Southeast Asia’s livestream boom early. “Partnering with local agencies,” said company head Liu Bo, “we’ve achieved consistent year-on-year sales doubling in these markets.”
Small products can open up vast markets. Market research shows that the global slipper market reached $30 billion in 2024, up 7.2 percent year on year, making it one of the fastest-growing categories in international consumer trade.
As a major supplier of slippers, China’s slipper industry is upgrading toward smarter manufacturing, healthier materials and greener production. Output and exports continue to rise steadily, with products sold to diverse markets including Europe, the United States, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, cementing slippers as a strong segment of China’s light-industry exports.
Behind the global appeal of Chinese slippers lies technological innovation and comprehensive industrial upgrading.
In a dust-free laboratory of Xiangtai Footwear in Jinjiang, vice general manager Zhang Zhenjie placed an ordinary-looking white material into a freezer set at minus 20 degrees Celsius. An hour later, when it was taken out, the material still felt warm to the touch.
“This is a phase-change temperature-regulating material,” he explained. “It absorbs and releases heat, keeping feet within a comfortable temperature range.”
Originally developed for spacesuits, the technology is now used in outdoor slippers designed for Nordic markets, priced several times higher than conventional products.
Laboratories have become the essential core of Jinjiang’s leading footwear manufacturers.
In one example, Xiangtai Footwear, in collaboration with the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed an antibacterial and odor-resistant EVA (ethylene vinyl aetate) composite material that boosts slipper’s bacterial inhibition rate to 99 percent.
Meanwhile, another local enterprise extracts fiber from Fujian-grown juncao grass to produce biodegradable, environmentally friendly shoe materials.
Over the past five years, the number of invention and utility model patents authorized in Jinjiang’s slipper industry has grown by more than 30 percent annually on average.
Strong supply-chain support and rapid-response mechanisms also enable Chinese slipper makers to swiftly capture shifts in global demand.
In a flexible intelligent manufacturing workshop of Jiajiale, a footwear brand based in Fujian, a single production line tells a global story: the first 30 pairs feature Nordic minimalist patterns for indoor sock slippers; the next 50 pairs are beach sandals adorned with Southeast Asian floral motifs; the final 20 pairs are functional slippers designed for the Japanese market, with subtle arch support.
This flexibility is powered by full digital transformation. Orders placed through cross-border e-commerce platforms are transmitted directly to a manufacturing execution system (MES), which automatically breaks down processes, calculates material requirements and schedules production. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) deliver raw materials of different colors and textures precisely to each workstation.
According to brand founder Chen Zhihua, digital systems have shortened new product development cycles from 45 days to just 15 days, while reducing the minimum order quantity from 3,000 to 300 pairs.
As competition intensifies, Chinese slipper companies are increasingly focusing on brand development. In 2024, the average export price of Chinese slippers featuring homegrown brands or IP co-branding rose significantly, reflecting a strategic shift toward branding to strengthen premium pricing. At the same time, the rise of cross-border e-commerce has provided smoother and more accessible channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to expand overseas.
From producing purely functional items to creating fashionable products, from competing on low prices to delivering premium offerings, and from unbranded sandals to distinct brand identities, the global journey of Chinese slippers vividly traces the transformation of “Made in China.” This once-humble household product continues to write its remarkable story in markets across the world.

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A living testimony about MKA: The Aondoakaa that I know Written By Brahms Tor-Ikuan

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My people of Benue State,

I am not speaking to you today as a politician. I am speaking as a brother whose family was held up by Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa, MKA, when we had no one else to hold onto.

My elder brother, Verem Ukaa-Ikuan, was not just my blood. He was a very dear and close friend to Chief MKA. When my brother fell ill and was diagnosed with liver damage caused by poisoning, MKA didn’t treat it as someone else’s problem. He took it on as his own.

He worked closely with Verem during his time as Attorney General of the Federation, and when the sickness came, he moved immediately. Searches were conducted, and Apollo Hospital in India was earmarked for a liver transplant. Every travel arrangement was made personally by Chief MKA.

But we hit a wall. Verem was too weak to fly a long commercial flight. Only an air ambulance could get him to India alive. At that time, there was only one functional air ambulance in the entire country, owned by Julius Berger. It was completely out of reach for even the most high-profile citizens.

Chief MKA went all out. He did not give excuses. He did not delay. He used every connection and every ounce of influence he had to secure that air ambulance for my brother.

On the day it was secured, Barr. Terna Yaji, his Senior Special Assistant, called me a few minutes after 6pm. He told us to prepare Verem for departure and take him to Makurdi airport very early the following morning. I informed him, my brother passed on at exactly 6 o’clock a few minutes ago. I told Barr. Terna Yaji, and I saw a devastated MKA.

During the burial, Chief MKA was out of the country on national assignment. He was pained that he could not be there physically. His entire team, led by the late Onov Tyuulugh, represented him fully. And his message to us at the burial has never left me:

“If death were law, as the Attorney General, a law would have been made no matter what to ensure Verem will just not die but live forever.”

That is who Mike Kaase Aondoakaa is when nobody is watching. He does not abandon his people. He does not forget. He stood with our family then, and he has stood with us till date.

Now he is asking for the chance to govern Benue State.

Benue needs a governor with a heart like that. A governor who fights for you even when there’s no political gain. A governor who sees you as family, not as a vote.

I am standing with Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa for Governor of Benue State.
For compassion that moves to action.
For loyalty that does not fade.
For leadership that proves itself in the darkest hour.

Join me. Let us give Benue a leader who has already shown what he will do for us.

God bless Chief Mike Kaase Aondoakaa.
God bless Benue State.

Brahms Tor-Ikuan, a beneficiary of MKA’s benevolence writes from Makurdi

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China-U.S. relations cannot return to past, but can move toward better future

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By Guo Jiping

At the invitation of Chinese President Xi Jinping, U.S. President Donald Trump will pay a state visit to China from May 13 to 15.

After many twists and turns, China-U.S. relations have arrived at a new historical juncture. The year 2026 carries special significance for both countries. China is embarking on its 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), while the United States celebrates its 250th anniversary. 

Amidst increasing global uncertainty and volatility, the international community looks to Beijing, hopeful that this high-level engagement will offer clarity and stability for the future trajectory of China-U.S. relations.

Observers note that over the past decade, the relationship has weathered two significant periods of strain. The first began in 2018 with the U.S. initiation of trade tariffs against China. Stabilization was achieved only after extensive dialogue and complex interactions spanning several years. The second period of tension occurred more recently in 2025. Remarkably, the cycle from rising friction to renewed stability unfolded within just a few months this time.

The progression from years-long to months-long stabilization cycles, and from repetitive friction-dialogue patterns towards clearer strategic direction and consensus-building, reflects China’s consistent approach: readiness to negotiate combined with firm adherence to principles and clear boundaries. China’s demonstrated resilience has garnered international respect and created conditions conducive to resolving differences through dialogue.

Today, China-U.S. dialogue occurs on a more equitable basis. Communication is increasingly pragmatic, with clearer articulation of respective bottom lines. This resilience suggests the potential for a new, more stable chapter in the relationship.

Head-of-state diplomacy plays an irreplaceable strategic guiding role. Last year, when a wave of tariff tensions rattled the world, the two presidents steered China-U.S. economic and trade ties back on course. 

Under the guidance of the consensus reached by the two presidents, the teams from both sides have so far held six rounds of consultations and are currently engaged in a new round of talks. 

Since the meeting between the two heads of state in Busan last October, China-U.S. relations have generally maintained a stable and improving momentum — a trend widely welcomed by both peoples and the international community.

The strategic guidance provided by the two heads of state helps identify “dangerous reefs” ahead in China-U.S. relations. The Taiwan question is the most important and most sensitive issue at the very core of China-U.S. relations, and it concerns the political foundation of bilateral ties. 

Xi has repeatedly elaborated China’s principled position on the Taiwan question to Trump, emphasizing that Taiwan is China’s territory, and China must safeguard its own sovereignty and territorial integrity, and will never allow Taiwan to be separated. Clearly defining principles and bottom lines is precisely the responsible approach needed to prevent serious risks in China-U.S. relations.

The aspiration of the Chinese and American business communities to deepen ties and cooperation has never changed. At present, more than 7,000 Chinese-funded enterprises operate in the United States, while about 80,000 American-invested enterprises are active in China. 

These firm choices made at the forefront of the market clearly and powerfully demonstrate the true nature of China-U.S. economic and trade relations: mutual benefit and win-win cooperation. 

As China enters the 15th Five-Year Plan period, its commitment to high-quality development and high-standard opening up will create broader incremental space for China-U.S. cooperation.

The will of the people stands as a profound and enduring force shaping the trajectory of China-U.S. relations. Whether at those pivotal moments when China and the United States seized every moment to break the ice, or when bilateral relations slid to a low ebb, the sincere aspiration of the two peoples for mutual understanding and friendship has never changed.

As exchanges deepen and produce tangible results, perceptions are improving positively. More Americans are actively participating in fostering people-to-people friendship, contributing greater rationality and constructive perspectives to the relationship.

In the face of profound changes unseen in a century, China and the United States, as permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and the world’s two largest economies, shoulder even greater responsibilities. Promoting global development, safeguarding peace and security, and improving global governance all require cooperation between the two countries. 

This year, China will host the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting and the U.S. will host the G20 Summit. Whether the two sides can demonstrate the vision and responsibility expected of major countries, and deliver more tangible benefits to the world, bears directly on the well-being of both peoples and the future of humanity.

China-U.S. relations cannot return to the past, but they can move toward a better future. Both sides should proceed from a sense of responsibility to history, to the people, and to the world, and explore ways to build a strategic, constructive, and stable China-U.S. relationship featuring mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation.

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China’s robust Q1 performance lifts global confidence 

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By He Yin, People’s Daily

China recently unveiled its economic performance for the first quarter of 2026. Its GDP reached 33.4193 trillion yuan ($4.9 trillion), up 5 percent year on year in real terms, accelerating by 0.5 percentage points from the fourth quarter of last year. 

The figures have drawn close attention from the international community, which generally believes that amid rising global uncertainty, China’s economy has demonstrated resilience and vitality, injecting much-needed stability and positive momentum into the world.

At present, global instability is intensifying. The spillover effects of geopolitical conflicts are expanding, and international organizations such as the UN and the Asian Development Bank have warned of growing downside risks. The global economy is moving forward under pressure. 

In the face of mounting external uncertainties, China’s economy continues to display strong resilience, robust internal momentum, and proactive, effective macroeconomic policies. Phrases such as “better than expected” and “growth against the headwinds” have frequently appeared in international media coverage. 

Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, noted that China’s economy has shown resilience, possesses immense potential, and will have a positive impact on the world.

Driven by innovation, high-quality development surges forward. In the first quarter, China’s equipment manufacturing sector contributed nearly 50 percent to the growth of value added in industrial enterprises above designated size. In the first two months of the year, high-tech manufacturing accounted for more than half of the increase in total industrial profits, underscoring the growing role of new growth drivers. 

China’s industries are advancing rapidly toward high-end, intelligent, green and upgraded development, delivering continuous breakthroughs in fostering new quality productive forces. 

Exports of green products such as electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, and wind turbines and their components rose by 77.5 percent, 50.4 percent, and 45.2 percent, respectively. Meanwhile, investment in frontier fields including AI and humanoid robotics increased by 45.5 percent year on year, and the business vitality index of technology-driven enterprises rose by 8.1 percent. 

Global media outlets have observed promising signs: China’s thriving clean energy technologies are creating huge economic value, and robust demand for AI devices is driving steady growth of China’s foreign trade. These positive trends vividly demonstrate China’s progress in developing new quality productive forces.

Domestic demand has also shown overall improvement, creating favorable conditions for sustained economic expansion. 

Promoting a development model driven more by domestic demand, consumption, and endogenous growth reflects China’s strategic response to changes in its development stage and the evolving international environment. 

In the first quarter, retail sales of consumer goods grew by 2.4 percent year on year, while fixed-asset investment returned to positive growth, indicating that the domestic market continues to deepen and expand. 

At the sixth China International Consumer Products Expo held in Hainan province, a wide range of global debuts, Asia-Pacific premieres, and China launches were showcased, further strengthening China’s reputation as a premier global destination for quality consumption. 

The country’s vast market continues to empower economic development. Some U.S. media outlets observed that China is transitioning toward a more diversified growth model, one that benefits not only China itself but also offers valuable lessons for the global economy.

Amid profound adjustments in the global economic landscape, China remains committed to high-level opening up, creating broad opportunities for the world through its own development. 

A series of opening-up measures have been rolled out, including the launch of island-wide independent customs operations at the Hainan Free Trade Port, revisions to the Foreign Trade Law to better align with international rules, and an expanded version of the Catalogue of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment. These steps are improving both the quality and scale of trade cooperation. 

In the first quarter, China’s total goods trade exceeded 11 trillion yuan for the first time in the same period, maintaining double-digit growth and reaching the highest quarterly growth rate in five years. 

Its trade with Belt and Road partner countries accounted for 51.2 percent of the total, while trade with Africa grew by 23.7 percent. Trade with ASEAN, Latin America, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and other APEC economies also recorded double-digit growth. China’s role as a “world market” continues to generate positive spillover effects globally. A more open China will remain a steady anchor for the world economy as it navigates challenges.

The year 2026 marks the opening of China’s 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030). Stable economic growth provides a solid foundation for a strong start to this new phase, while also serving as a stabilizer for the global economy amid turbulent conditions. China will continue to inject sustained confidence and strong momentum into global development.

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