China
Japan cannot move forward without breaking with militarism
By Zhong Sheng, People’s Daily
On Sept. 18, air raid sirens were once again sounded across China to commemorate the 95th anniversary of the September 18 Incident.
Ninety-five years ago, Japanese militarists deliberately provoked the September 18 Incident and brazenly launched a war of aggression against China. The Chinese people rose up in resistance, marking the beginning of the eastern front of the World Anti-Fascist War.
After 14 years of bitter struggle and enormous national sacrifice, the Chinese people won a great victory in which justice prevailed over evil, writing a momentous chapter in the history of the World Anti-Fascist War.
Commemorating the September 18 Incident and remembering this history is by no means about perpetuating hatred. Rather, it is about safeguarding peace and creating a better future by drawing lessons from history and setting the record straight.
On the fundamental issue of historical understanding, Japan, as the perpetrator of the war of aggression, has never truly reflected on its past. Instead, it has gone further and further down the path of distorting history.
Not long ago, the Sanae Takaichi administration issued its first major defense policy document, the Defense White Paper 2026. The white paper makes much of the issue of so-called cognitive warfare, applying blatant double standards throughout.
On the one hand, it labels China’s normal explanations of its defense policies and legitimate articulation of its historical positions as “public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare.” It baselessly accuses China of infiltration and deliberately stoking confrontation, putting on a show of warning against so-called “external cognitive threats” while casting itself as a “victim” of information warfare.
On the other hand, it says nothing about Japan’s own record of systematically distorting the history of aggression and spreading false historical narratives, while instead identifying the development of cognitive-warfare capabilities as a priority for military expansion. Japan’s practice of reversing right and wrong and confusing truth with falsehood is, in essence, an attempt to pursue historical revisionism under the guise of “countering cognitive warfare.”
For years, right-wing forces in Japan have repeatedly crossed the line on historical issues, steadily eroding the consensus on historical justice and distorting Japanese society’s understanding of the past, with increasingly serious consequences.
At the level of official narratives, Japan has repeatedly revised school textbooks to downplay its heinous acts of aggression, including the Nanjing Massacre. It has deliberately amplified narratives portraying Hiroshima and Nagasaki as victims of the atomic bombings in an attempt to obscure Japan’s own role as an aggressor.
Japanese politicians have taken turns visiting the so-called Yasukuni Shrine, where Class-A war criminals are enshrined, rejecting the legal authority of the Tokyo Trials and promoting the claim that responsibility for the war remains unsettled, repeatedly challenging the bottom line of historical justice.
At the level of intergenerational indoctrination, Japan has for years published children’s editions of the Defense White Paper, packaging military-related content in confrontational terms as educational material and distributing it to thousands of elementary schools across the country.
Recruitment messages for the Self-Defense Forces have also been incorporated into school activities, while external threats have been exaggerated, subtly instilling militaristic thinking in the minds of young people whose worldviews are still taking shape.
At the level of public opinion manipulation, right-wing forces have used generative artificial intelligence to mass-produce false audio and video content that distorts the history of Japan’s aggression against China, while using crowdsourcing platforms to pay for the dissemination of falsehoods.
According to publicly available budget data from Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan has allocated more than 56 billion yen ($360 million) since 2015 under the heading of “overseas strategic information dissemination,” specifically for smearing others in public opinion and revising the historical narrative.
The Japanese right wing’s efforts to distort historical understanding are far more than isolated acts of manipulating public opinion. Their fundamental aim is to remove ideological obstacles and lay the groundwork for breaking through the postwar system and pursuing comprehensive remilitarization.
A profound reflection on the history of aggression and the eradication of the roots of militarism should be a prerequisite and foundation for Japan to pursue peaceful development, as well as a key line of defense for upholding the postwar international order.
Today, however, Japan’s right-wing forces are moving in the opposite direction, systematically dismantling this line of defense for peace.
Domestically, they seek to reduce public resistance to military expansion and war preparations, manufacturing so-called justification for a defense budget that has risen for 14 consecutive years and surpassed 9 trillion yen.
Externally, they deliberately conceal the offensive nature of their military expansion, seeking to ease international opposition to a series of moves that break through the postwar framework, including the development and deployment of long-range offensive weapons, the reorganization of the Air Self-Defense Force into an “Air and Space Self-Defense Force,” and the relaxation of restrictions on exports of lethal weapons.
Japan is continually breaking through the constraints of the postwar framework, accelerating military loosening and the expansion of its military capabilities through multilateral military exercises, joining forces with countries outside the region in bloc confrontation, and deliberately creating tensions and instability in the region. Step by step, it is heading down the dangerous path toward neo-militarism.
When war criminals are put on a pedestal, lies are written into textbooks, children are taught hostility, and the bottom line for peace is repeatedly breached, Japan is gradually destroying its own future.
The distortion of historical understanding is the ideological root of the growth of neo-militarism in Japan. Unless this root cause is eradicated, the lingering influence of militarism cannot be fully eliminated. Japan will be unable to win the trust and understanding of the international community, especially its Asian neighbors, and the foundation for peace and development in the region cannot be firmly consolidated.
This year marks the 80th anniversary of the opening of the Tokyo Trials. At this important historical juncture, Japan should face up to the history of its aggression, deeply reflect on its responsibility for the war, and fundamentally break with militarism. This is the right choice in the fundamental interests of the Japanese people.
(Zhong Sheng is a pen name often used by People’s Daily to express its views on foreign policy and international affairs.)
China
The story behind ‘people’s apples’
By Zhang Yang, Liu Hongchao, People’s Daily
During the summer vacation, the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial in Jinzhou, northeast China’s Liaoning province, has seen a constant flow of visitors. Hanging quietly on the wall inside the Hall of Martyrs is a time-worn silk banner bearing the words “An Army of Benevolence and Righteousness,” behind which lies a poignant historical tale.
Behind the banner is a moving story.
During the 1948 Liaoshen Campaign, orchards surrounding Jinzhou were heavy with ripe apples. Passing through the area, People’s Liberation Army soldiers were exhausted and thirsty, but not a single one picked an apple. The people’s army, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, won the hearts of the people through its strict discipline.
“Here the fighters were conscious that not eating the apples was noble, whereas to eat them would have been ignoble. They knew the apples belonged to the people,” Chinese President Xi Jinping quoted late Chairman Mao Zedong’s comments on the story during an inspection tour to Liaoning in 2022.
Decades later, the tale endures as a powerful symbol of integrity.
Today, as China deepens its efforts to promote clean governance and institutional accountability, the story is being actively revived to inspire contemporary officials.
About a 20-minute drive from the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial is the Jinzhou Apple Integrity Education Base, where a sculpture entitled the “People’s Apples” stands out. Inside the special‑themed exhibition hall, docent Sun Yimeng was giving a vivid account, guiding visitors through historical photos and precious cultural relics.
“We take the ‘People’s Apples’ as our underlying theme to convey to every visitor the Communist Party of China’s fine conduct, strict discipline and original aspiration to serve the people, ” said Sun.
“Declining the apples reflects discipline; avoiding even the smallest exploitation of citizens demonstrates dedication to public service. We must carry forward the revolutionary heritage, uphold our revolutionary legacy, foster and put into practice a correct approach to evaluating political performance, exercise power with integrity, and effectively protect and advance the interests of the people,” said Guan Hua, an official with the Jinzhou municipal people’s congress, during a study visit.
Jinzhou has translated this historical lesson into actionable governance. On one front, the city enforces a zero-tolerance stance toward corruption in sectors directly impacting livelihoods, including rural collective assets, healthcare, and education. Targeted campaigns have been launched to root out misconduct that harms ordinary citizens. On another, Jinzhou focuses on “growing apples for the people” by improving the business climate. The local government has institutionalized dialogue with enterprises, established direct policy-delivery channels, and implemented 32 regulatory frameworks to streamline operations and support sustainable growth.
Clean governance, officials stress, is not merely about restraint — it is a foundation for effective public service. To embed accountability into daily operations, inspectors from Jinzhou’s Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection now work alongside staff at the city’s 12345 public service hotline and government service centers. A QR code-based oversight system has been rolled out across all 283 service windows, enabling real-time feedback and monitoring. The results are tangible: government services in Jinzhou have become increasingly standardized and efficient. Over 900 administrative procedures can now be completed on the same day, with many finalized in under two hours.
From a wartime promise of restraint to a modern blueprint for transparent administration, the “People’s Apples” story continues to remind officials that true authority flows from serving the people with integrity.
“The tests of the times keep evolving, yet our original aspiration to serve the people remains unchanging,” said Zhao Yu, an official with the Jinzhou municipal commission for discipline inspection. “We unswervingly uphold rigorous discipline, nurture a sound and upright political climate to edify the public and bolster high-quality development. We must never take the people’s apples.”
China
China taps digital technology to advance integrity education
By Yang Wenming, Bai Guangdi, Su Bin, People’s Daily
Integrity has long been a cornerstone of Chinese cultural tradition. Throughout the more than 100-year history of the Communist Party of China (CPC), a commitment to integrity, public service, and serving the people has remained a defining part of its endeavors.
In recent years, local governments across China have increasingly turned to digital tools to strengthen integrity education. By consolidating resources and designing interactive online platforms, authorities are helping anti-corruption and ethical governance principles take deeper root among both civil servants and the general public.
Not long ago, Chen Zhaomeng, an official with the Zhujie subdistrict in Qilin district, Qujing, southwest China’s Yunnan province, needed to organize an integrity education activity for her Party branch. Using a mobile mini-program called “Map of Integrity in Yunnan,” she quickly found a suitable venue in Shizong county, about a 90-minute drive from Qilin district, and booked a visit to the former residence of Dou Xu in Zhuji township.
The former residence of Dou Xu is a traditional courtyard compound. Dou Xu was an upright and incorruptible official during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) who strictly enforced the law and handled cases impartially. Stories of his integrity have been passed down among local people.
Guided by an exhibition docent, the group toured the former residence in an orderly manner and learned about the virtues of Dou Xu’s good family tradition.
To facilitate integrity education at the grassroots level, the Yunnan provincial commission for discipline inspection launched the “Map of Integrity in Yunnan” mini-program. It provides detailed information on venues and facilities dedicated to integrity culture across the province.
Historical stories associated with each integrity education base are brought to life through short videos, while map navigation, recommended routes, opening hours, and reservation information are also provided.
Yunnan’s initiative reflects a broader national trend. Similar digital platforms have been rolled out in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, and Guiyang, Guizhou province.
In Lianyungang, municipal disciplinary authorities have linked 16 distinct integrity education sites into a unified network, establishing a citywide “Integrity and Clean Governance Map.”
Meanwhile, Guiyang’s disciplinary commission has catalogued local heritage sites related to ethical governance and launched the “Guiyang Integrity Map” via the city’s official website and WeChat channel. The platform organizes provincial, municipal, county, and community-level education centers into a single searchable interface, offering practical guides and essential visiting information for officials and citizens alike.
Launching these digital platforms is only the beginning; their real value lies in how they are activated. The Lianyungang municipal commission for discipline inspection has worked with local publicity authorities, universities and other institutions to transform these mapped sites into key hubs for civil servant training, thematic party-building activities, and cautionary case studies.
At the same time, the city has expanded the reach and influence of the map by producing a series of short videos, developing online virtual reality exhibition halls and designing high-quality learning routes. Since its launch, the platform has attracted more than 200,000 Party members, officials and members of the public for visits and study.
China
China firm advocate of, doer in reforming, improving global governance
By He Yin, People’s Daily
On Oct. 23, Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a letter to the 2026 Global Governance Forum (Xiong’an), further elaborating on the importance of reforming and improving the global governance system and charting the course for advancing the implementation of the Global Governance Initiative (GGI). The letter demonstrated China’s sense of responsibility and its willingness to work with other countries to build a more just and equitable world.
Xi put forward the GGI in September 2025, a much-needed initiative that offers solutions to bridge the governance deficit and build a better future. In just over a year, the initiative has gained the support of more than 160 countries and international organizations. Over 60 countries have joined the Group of Friends of Global Governance. Its core elements have been incorporated into the documents of multilateral fora such as the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and BRICS.
The past year has underscored the great contemporary value of the GGI, with its appeal and influence continuing to grow. The initiative has become an important public good warmly embraced by the international community.
The international community regards the GGI as a stalwart for multilateralism as the international landscape is undergoing a profound shift, and a safeguard for fairness and justice as the law of the jungle makes a comeback. To many in the world, the GGI provides a clear pathway to shared development and security and much-needed certainty for a turbulent world.
Beyond championing the GGI, China has taken decisive steps to translate its vision into practice. Since its launch, China has advanced multiple proposals to promote peace and stability in conflict zones such as the Middle East, voluntarily waived demands for additional special and differential treatment in World Trade Organization negotiations, and introduced new forms of international public goods, such as the International Organization for Mediation and the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization.
The GGI is widely regarded by people of foresight around the world as a remedy for and improvement on the existing international system, and a crystallization of Chinese wisdom that will shape a fairer, more inclusive, and more sustainable world.
The 2026 Global Governance Forum (Xiong’an), held in Xiong’an New Area in north China’s Hebei province, marked a major step by China in working with other countries around the world to put the GGI into practice.
Under the theme “Rebuilding Confidence and Cooperation: Reforming and Improving Global Governance in a Transforming World,” participants exchanged ideas and learned from one another. Their discussions addressed both the need to uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core and the governance of emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, cyberspace, and outer space.
Through dialogue and communication, they sought to build consensus and develop joint solutions, contributing to international efforts to tackle governance challenges and reform and improve global governance.
More than a policy dialogue, the forum offers the international community a tangible look at China’s governance philosophy. In just nine years, Xiong’an New Area has transformed from a planned development zone into a dynamic innovation hub and a showcase of high-quality urban development. By engaging with this “city of the future,” attendees witnessed firsthand how China’s governance model — centered on people-first development, ecological sustainability, technological innovation, and long-term planning — has translated into measurable progress.
This year marks the 55th anniversary of the restoration of the People’s Republic of China’s lawful seat in the United Nations. As a founding member of the United Nations and a permanent member of its Security Council, China has consistently upheld and practiced multilateralism.
At the forum, China announced eight practical actions to advance global governance. These include ensuring the success of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders’ Meeting in November, continuing to engage deeply in United Nations reform and encouraging the Group of Friends of Global Governance to play a bigger role.
The country called on all parties to uphold the central role of the United Nations, practice the values of fairness and justice, bolster the strength of the Global South for better global governance, advance in the direction of openness and development, and improve the rules of governance in emerging fields.
These measures clearly demonstrate China’s firm resolve to work with other countries to steer global governance toward greater fairness and equity. They also provide a roadmap for joint efforts to implement the GGI in the next stage.
An African media outlet commented that the forum’s significance lies in its efforts to foster a more open, balanced and constructive dialogue on the future of international relations.
Global governance serves the common interests of all nations, and requires the collective effort of the international community. China stands ready to work with all parties to uphold a vision of global governance featuring extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit, build strength through confidence and overcome challenges through cooperation.
Together, the international community can advance the implementation of the GGI, bring greater certainty and positive energy to a world fraught with change and turbulence, and work hand in hand toward a community with a shared future for humanity.
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