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How China is building the backbone of a modern industrial system  

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By Li Xinping, Wang Zheng, Gu Yekai

China vigorously develops advanced manufacturing and takes innovation as its guide. With higher technological sophistication and accelerated transition toward smarter, greener, and more integrated development, the country seeks to modernize production methods. It coordinates traditional, emerging, and future industries. 

These coordinated efforts are driving Chinese manufacturing toward a comprehensive leap forward, establishing advanced manufacturing as the foundational pillar of a modern industrial system.

At the heart of this transformation lies innovation. 

In September, Chinese tech giant Huawei unveiled its second-generation flagship tri-fold smartphone, and Xiaomi released its first “mid-fold” handset. Chinese smartphone makers are thus competing fiercely in the high-end segment.

The confidence stems from domestically driven breakthroughs. In recent years, China has achieved mass production of ultra-thin flexible glass. Just 30 micrometers thick, it can withstand more than one million folds without damage.

By late July, China held 5.74 million valid domestic invention patents. The number of international patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty has ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years.

To accelerate commercialization, China is strengthening the linkage between scientific research and industrial application, improving the efficiency of turning innovations into market-ready products.

For instance, while computed tomography (CT) imaging has evolved over a century to offer increasingly precise detection, the rapid surge in new energy vehicle production created a bottleneck in battery quality control. 

Responding to this challenge, Sunwoda Electronic Co., Ltd., in collaboration with Dalian University of Technology, has successfully developed high-speed, multimodal CT equipment for online battery inspection. The system enables non-destructive testing and significantly boosts evaluation efficiency.

Since the beginning of this year, China has accelerated the development of a full-chain service system for translating scientific and technological advances into practical applications. 

At the R&D stage, two new national manufacturing innovation centers have been established. At the pilot-testing stage, a national network now includes 21 top-tier manufacturing platforms and over 1,800 reserve facilities. In the incubation stage, the country has recognized its first batch of 14 excellence-level and 402 standard-level technology business incubators, which have incubated more than 425,000 enterprises and teams.

Reflecting these gains, the World Intellectual Property Organization’s 2026 Global Innovation Index reports that China hosts 25 of the world’s top 100 innovation clusters, the highest number globally for the fourth year running.

What distinguishes an advanced manufacturing facility from a conventional factory? 

Consider Lenovo’s production hub in Shenzhen, south China’s Guangdong Province, which processes over 5,000 daily orders, 60 percent of which are highly customized across more than 50 product lines and 20,000 configurations. Despite this complexity, the 100-meter production line operates with remarkable agility. Equipped with machine-vision-guided robotic arms, it performs precision assembly at millimeter-level accuracy and switches between product models with minimal downtime. Ninety percent of orders ship within 24 hours.

What makes advanced manufacturing “advanced” lies in the modernization of production methods.

“Compared with traditional manufacturing, advanced manufacturing has generally shifted toward digitalized, intelligent, lean, and green production,” said Li Yan, deputy head of the department responsible for researching the industrial economy with the Development Research Center of the State Council.

China now operates 35,000 basic-level smart factories, more than 8,200 advanced-level smart factories, and more than 500 excellence-level smart factories. More than 30 percent of manufacturing enterprises above designated size with an annual revenue exceeding 20 million yuan (about $2.98 million) are now applying artificial intelligence technologies.

Global industrial competition is no longer limited to production capacity; it now encompasses integrated manufacturing and service ecosystems. Chinese leading heavy machinery manufacturer Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group, for example, expanded beyond equipment sales to deliver comprehensive green mining solutions, securing major contracts with global firms such as BHP.  

Similarly, Haier Smart Home provides tailored smart home appliance packages, with revenue generated from scenario-based applications continuing to grow.

“Going forward, we will promote deeper integration between advanced manufacturing and modern services, accelerate the development of new models and new forms of business such as platform-based design and personalized customization, and advance the development of service-oriented manufacturing,” said Xin Guobin, vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

Ultimately, what makes advanced manufacturing “advanced” is the optimization of the industrial structure.

What else can an embroidery machine do besides embroidery?

It can serve embodied intelligence. The machine interweaves sensing yarn and base yarn, knitting embodied intelligence data gloves as one piece and enabling more precise capture of hand motion data.

“The essence of advanced manufacturing is comprehensive innovation and upgrading across the manufacturing sector,” Li said. Advanced manufacturing includes both manufacturing industries created by new technological breakthroughs and traditional manufacturing industries that have been comprehensively transformed and reshaped through the application of advanced technologies, processes and production and management methods.

Driven by this momentum, traditional industries are experiencing renewed vitality. In the first half of this year, sales revenue in food manufacturing, garment manufacturing, and papermaking grew 11.6 percent, 9.2 percent, and 8.9 percent year on year, respectively. Meanwhile, emerging and future industries are expanding rapidly: China accounts for nearly 70 percent of global sales of quadruped robots; more than 400 humanoid robot models have been developed in China, accounting for more than half of the global total; and the preclinical R&D cycle for new drugs such as targeted anticancer therapies has been shortened by 40 percent.

As China boosts advanced manufacturing, it presses forward with a commitment to pursuing excellence and speeds up the development of a modern industrial system, where this sector serves as its backbone.

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China

The story behind ‘people’s apples’ 

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By Zhang Yang, Liu Hongchao, People’s Daily

During the summer vacation, the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial in Jinzhou, northeast China’s Liaoning province, has seen a constant flow of visitors. Hanging quietly on the wall inside the Hall of Martyrs is a time-worn silk banner bearing the words “An Army of Benevolence and Righteousness,” behind which lies a poignant historical tale. 

Behind the banner is a moving story.

During the 1948 Liaoshen Campaign, orchards surrounding Jinzhou were heavy with ripe apples.  Passing through the area, People’s Liberation Army soldiers were exhausted and thirsty, but not a single one picked an apple. The people’s army, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, won the hearts of the people through its strict discipline.

“Here the fighters were conscious that not eating the apples was noble, whereas to eat them would have been ignoble. They knew the apples belonged to the people,” Chinese President Xi Jinping quoted late Chairman Mao Zedong’s comments on the story during an inspection tour to Liaoning in 2022.

Decades later, the tale endures as a powerful symbol of integrity. 

Today, as China deepens its efforts to promote clean governance and institutional accountability, the story is being actively revived to inspire contemporary officials. 

About a 20-minute drive from the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial is the Jinzhou Apple Integrity Education Base, where a sculpture entitled the “People’s Apples” stands out. Inside the special‑themed exhibition hall, docent Sun Yimeng was giving a vivid account, guiding visitors through historical photos and precious cultural relics.

“We take the ‘People’s Apples’ as our underlying theme to convey to every visitor the Communist Party of China’s fine conduct, strict discipline and original aspiration to serve the people, ” said Sun.

“Declining the apples reflects discipline; avoiding even the smallest exploitation of citizens demonstrates dedication to public service. We must carry forward the revolutionary heritage, uphold our revolutionary legacy, foster and put into practice a correct approach to evaluating political performance, exercise power with integrity, and effectively protect and advance the interests of the people,” said Guan Hua, an official with the Jinzhou municipal people’s congress, during a study visit.

Jinzhou has translated this historical lesson into actionable governance. On one front, the city enforces a zero-tolerance stance toward corruption in sectors directly impacting livelihoods, including rural collective assets, healthcare, and education. Targeted campaigns have been launched to root out misconduct that harms ordinary citizens. On another, Jinzhou focuses on “growing apples for the people” by improving the business climate. The local government has institutionalized dialogue with enterprises, established direct policy-delivery channels, and implemented 32 regulatory frameworks to streamline operations and support sustainable growth.

Clean governance, officials stress, is not merely about restraint — it is a foundation for effective public service. To embed accountability into daily operations, inspectors from Jinzhou’s Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection now work alongside staff at the city’s 12345 public service hotline and government service centers. A QR code-based oversight system has been rolled out across all 283 service windows, enabling real-time feedback and monitoring. The results are tangible: government services in Jinzhou have become increasingly standardized and efficient. Over 900 administrative procedures can now be completed on the same day, with many finalized in under two hours.

From a wartime promise of restraint to a modern blueprint for transparent administration, the “People’s Apples” story continues to remind officials that true authority flows from serving the people with integrity.

“The tests of the times keep evolving, yet our original aspiration to serve the people remains unchanging,” said Zhao Yu, an official with the Jinzhou municipal commission for discipline inspection. “We unswervingly uphold rigorous discipline, nurture a sound and upright political climate to edify the public and bolster high-quality development. We must never take the people’s apples.”

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China taps digital technology to advance integrity education 

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By Yang Wenming, Bai Guangdi, Su Bin, People’s Daily

Integrity has long been a cornerstone of Chinese cultural tradition. Throughout the more than 100-year history of the Communist Party of China (CPC), a commitment to integrity, public service, and serving the people has remained a defining part of its endeavors. 

In recent years, local governments across China have increasingly turned to digital tools to strengthen integrity education. By consolidating resources and designing interactive online platforms, authorities are helping anti-corruption and ethical governance principles take deeper root among both civil servants and the general public.

Not long ago, Chen Zhaomeng, an official with the Zhujie subdistrict in Qilin district, Qujing, southwest China’s Yunnan province, needed to organize an integrity education activity for her Party branch. Using a mobile mini-program called “Map of Integrity in Yunnan,” she quickly found a suitable venue in Shizong county, about a 90-minute drive from Qilin district, and booked a visit to the former residence of Dou Xu in Zhuji township.

The former residence of Dou Xu is a traditional courtyard compound. Dou Xu was an upright and incorruptible official during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) who strictly enforced the law and handled cases impartially. Stories of his integrity have been passed down among local people. 

Guided by an exhibition docent, the group toured the former residence in an orderly manner and learned about the virtues of Dou Xu’s good family tradition.

To facilitate integrity education at the grassroots level, the Yunnan provincial commission for discipline inspection launched the “Map of Integrity in Yunnan” mini-program. It provides detailed information on venues and facilities dedicated to integrity culture across the province. 

Historical stories associated with each integrity education base are brought to life through short videos, while map navigation, recommended routes, opening hours, and reservation information are also provided.

Yunnan’s initiative reflects a broader national trend. Similar digital platforms have been rolled out in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, and Guiyang, Guizhou province.

In Lianyungang, municipal disciplinary authorities have linked 16 distinct integrity education sites into a unified network, establishing a citywide “Integrity and Clean Governance Map.”

Meanwhile, Guiyang’s disciplinary commission has catalogued local heritage sites related to ethical governance and launched the “Guiyang Integrity Map” via the city’s official website and WeChat channel. The platform organizes provincial, municipal, county, and community-level education centers into a single searchable interface, offering practical guides and essential visiting information for officials and citizens alike.

Launching these digital platforms is only the beginning; their real value lies in how they are activated. The Lianyungang municipal commission for discipline inspection has worked with local publicity authorities, universities and other institutions to transform these mapped sites into key hubs for civil servant training, thematic party-building activities, and cautionary case studies.

At the same time, the city has expanded the reach and influence of the map by producing a series of short videos, developing online virtual reality exhibition halls and designing high-quality learning routes. Since its launch, the platform has attracted more than 200,000 Party members, officials and members of the public for visits and study.

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China firm advocate of, doer in reforming, improving global governance 

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By He Yin, People’s Daily

On Oct. 23, Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a letter to the 2026 Global Governance Forum (Xiong’an), further elaborating on the importance of reforming and improving the global governance system and charting the course for advancing the implementation of the Global Governance Initiative (GGI). The letter demonstrated China’s sense of responsibility and its willingness to work with other countries to build a more just and equitable world.

Xi put forward the GGI in September 2025, a much-needed initiative that offers solutions to bridge the governance deficit and build a better future. In just over a year, the initiative has gained the support of more than 160 countries and international organizations. Over 60 countries have joined the Group of Friends of Global Governance. Its core elements have been incorporated into the documents of multilateral fora such as the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and BRICS.

The past year has underscored the great contemporary value of the GGI, with its appeal and influence continuing to grow. The initiative has become an important public good warmly embraced by the international community.

The international community regards the GGI as a stalwart for multilateralism as the international landscape is undergoing a profound shift, and a safeguard for fairness and justice as the law of the jungle makes a comeback. To many in the world, the GGI provides a clear pathway to shared development and security and much-needed certainty for a turbulent world.

Beyond championing the GGI, China has taken decisive steps to translate its vision into practice.  Since its launch, China has advanced multiple proposals to promote peace and stability in conflict zones such as the Middle East, voluntarily waived demands for additional special and differential treatment in World Trade Organization negotiations, and introduced new forms of international public goods, such as the International Organization for Mediation and the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization.

The GGI is widely regarded by people of foresight around the world as a remedy for and improvement on the existing international system, and a crystallization of Chinese wisdom that will shape a fairer, more inclusive, and more sustainable world.

The 2026 Global Governance Forum (Xiong’an), held in Xiong’an New Area in north China’s Hebei province, marked a major step by China in working with other countries around the world to put the GGI into practice. 

Under the theme “Rebuilding Confidence and Cooperation: Reforming and Improving Global Governance in a Transforming World,” participants exchanged ideas and learned from one another. Their discussions addressed both the need to uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core and the governance of emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, cyberspace, and outer space. 

Through dialogue and communication, they sought to build consensus and develop joint solutions, contributing to international efforts to tackle governance challenges and reform and improve global governance.

More than a policy dialogue, the forum offers the international community a tangible look at  China’s governance philosophy. In just nine years, Xiong’an New Area has transformed from a planned development zone into a dynamic innovation hub and a showcase of high-quality urban development. By engaging with this “city of the future,” attendees witnessed firsthand how  China’s governance model — centered on people-first development, ecological sustainability, technological innovation, and long-term planning — has translated into measurable progress.

This year marks the 55th anniversary of the restoration of the People’s Republic of China’s lawful seat in the United Nations. As a founding member of the United Nations and a permanent member of its Security Council, China has consistently upheld and practiced multilateralism.

At the forum, China announced eight practical actions to advance global governance. These include ensuring the success of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders’ Meeting in November, continuing to engage deeply in United Nations reform and encouraging the Group of Friends of Global Governance to play a bigger role.

The country called on all parties to uphold the central role of the United Nations, practice the values of fairness and justice, bolster the strength of the Global South for better global governance, advance in the direction of openness and development, and improve the rules of governance in emerging fields.

These measures clearly demonstrate China’s firm resolve to work with other countries to steer global governance toward greater fairness and equity. They also provide a roadmap for joint efforts to implement the GGI in the next stage.

An African media outlet commented that the forum’s significance lies in its efforts to foster a more open, balanced and constructive dialogue on the future of international relations.

Global governance serves the common interests of all nations, and requires the collective effort of the international community. China stands ready to work with all parties to uphold a vision of global governance featuring extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit, build strength through confidence and overcome challenges through cooperation. 

Together, the international community can advance the implementation of the GGI, bring greater certainty and positive energy to a world fraught with change and turbulence, and work hand in hand toward a community with a shared future for humanity.

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