China
Improved water ecology transformed into economic benefits in Kaizhou district, Chongqing
By Liu Xinwu, People’s Daily
In winter, Hanfeng Lake National Wetland Park in Kaizhou district, southwest China’s Chongqing municipality, presents a scene of serene beauty. Sunlight dances on the shimmering lake, while the distant mountains are draped in a soft haze, together composing a landscape that unfolds like a classic Chinese ink painting.
“What used to be a barren shoal has now become a treasure trove. Who would have imagined it could generate income through ‘carbon credits’?” said local resident Chen Guanjun.
The “carbon credits” Chen referred to was China’s first transaction for a carbon sink generated by reservoir and water ecosystems. .
On June 16, 2025, 8,784 tons of carbon sink assets from Hanfeng Lake National Wetland Park were purchased by China Three Gorges New Energy Huainan Photovoltaic Power Generation Co., Ltd. for 703,000 yuan ($101,083).
The deal marked a significant step forward in China’s efforts to explore mechanisms for realizing the value of water ecological products through hydraulic engineering projects.
Why was it possible for water ecosystems at Hanfeng Lake to be monetized? The answer lies in nearly two decades of sustained ecological restoration.
Hanfeng Lake is an inland artificial lake formed as part of the Three Gorges Project, the world’s largest water conservancy project. Covering a water area of 15 square kilometers, it created a fluctuation zone of nearly 42.78 square kilometers. A water-level variation of more than 20 meters led to alternating wet and dry conditions, which once resulted in soil erosion, vegetation degradation, and a decline in biodiversity.
“In 2008, Kaizhou district built a water-level regulation dam at the Wuyangba area downstream of the district’s urban area, reducing the lake’s water-level fluctuation from more than 20 meters to less than 5 meters,” said Li Peifu, deputy head of the district’s water resources bureau, pointing toward the regulation dam in the distance. “This laid the groundwork and created the necessary conditions for subsequent ecological restoration.”
Kaizhou District has invested a total of 2.49 billion yuan in follow-up funds related to the Three Gorges Project, adopting a zoned approach under a “three-pronged governance” model that integrates engineering treatment areas, ecological restoration areas, and conservation areas.
In engineering treatment areas, projects such as water-level regulation dams and concrete slope protection were constructed to stabilize shorelines and reduce soil erosion. In ecological restoration areas, wetlands were rebuilt to enhance biodiversity. In conservation areas, native ecosystems were preserved and disturbance minimized.
After nearly 20 years of sustained efforts, the area has been transformed into an ecological haven. Winter water levels create submerged “forests,” while summer brings lotus-filled ponds and habitats for over 20,000 migratory birds annually, including endangered Chinese mergansers.
Lucid waters and lush mountains now yield tangible value. “Dense wetland vegetation acts as a significant ‘carbon reservoir’ due to its sequestration capabilities,” Li noted. Since 2022, Kaizhou district has explored the trading of carbon sinks generated by reservoir and water ecosystems.
On the one hand, satellite remote sensing monitoring has been combined with ground sampling surveys to calculate the carbon sink assets of the fluctuation zone within Hanfeng Lake National Wetland Park, as well as designated land areas involved in ecological treatment projects around the wetland.
On the other hand, through a mechanism integrating vegetation-based carbon sequestration, soil carbon enhancement, hydrological emission reduction, and biological synergy, the district has planted evergreen broadleaf trees and other aquatic plants, regularly released aquatic animals, and developed a digital management platform. These measures have enabled carbon sequestration while systematically enhancing the carbon sink capacity of the fluctuation zone’s ecosystem.
Based on scientific calculations conducted by the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, carbon sequestration in just 8.32 square kilometers of restored areas reached 8,784 tons between 2023 and 2024 — equivalent to the carbon absorption capacity of 26.68 hectares of forest.
After asset valuation by a professional assessment institution, the 8,784 tons of carbon sink assets were listed for sale and ultimately purchased by China Three Gorges New Energy Huainan Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.
Why was the company willing to buy the carbon sinks?
“By purchasing water ecosystem carbon sink products and obtaining carbon credit certificates, we can ease the pressure of carbon emission controls during future capacity expansion,” said Wei Liangru, the company’s general manager. “They can also be used for carbon asset reserves and value-added management, helping build momentum for long-term development.”
Through a carbon sink transaction, the aquatic ecosystem of Hanfeng Lake has been transformed into a “carbon credit,” bringing tangible ecological benefits to Kaizhou district. The revenue generated from this transaction will be specifically allocated to the maintenance of Hanfeng Lake’s ecological restoration projects and the continuous monitoring of its carbon sequestration capacity.
“This is not a simple transaction, but a process that converted the benefits of water ecological restoration into quantifiable carbon assets,” said Liu Zimin, a professor at the College of Economics and Management at Southwest University in Chongqing.
The deal, he noted, marked the establishment of a full value-conversion chain in the Yangtze River basin, which links ecological restoration, carbon sink accounting, market transactions, and the reinvestment of funds.
It offered a replicable model for realizing the value of water ecosystems in reservoirs nationwide and opened up a new pathway for ecological restoration and carbon sink capacity enhancement in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Liu added.
China
China becomes world’s largest holder of AI patents
By Gu Yekai, Lu Tao, People’s Daily
In China, AI technologies are advancing at an unprecedented pace, entering a phase of explosive growth. From the meteoric rise of DeepSeek to the viral popularity of Seedance, alongside breakthroughs in humanoid robotics and increasingly sophisticated smart vehicles — not to mention the rapid expansion of smart factories and ever-evolving smart city ecosystems — AI is unlocking transformative potential across industries and daily life.
As a strategic technology driving the next wave of scientific and industrial transformation, AI has received significant national focus in China. The country’s overall strength in the field continues to grow..
By the end of 2025, China was home to over 6,000 AI enterprises, with its core AI industry valued at more than 1.2 trillion yuan ($174.3 billion). At the same time, China’s intelligent computing power capacity has exceeded 1,590 EFLOPS.
In recent years, China has continued to strengthen basic research in AI. Both the quantity and quality of AI research papers produced in the country rank among the top globally. Data released in 2025 by the World Intellectual Property Organization showed that China has become the world’s largest holder of AI patents, accounting for as much as 60 percent of the global total.
Innovation-driven progress has fortified China’s AI sector with robust core technologies. The country has launched multiple AI chips, accelerated the development of high-quality industry datasets, and cultivated domestically developed large-scale models that contribute to the global open-source ecosystem. These advances reinforce China’s capacity to maintain control over critical AI technologies amid growing international competition.
AI’s impact is amplified through diverse real-world applications. Industrially, it is revitalizing traditional sectors while catalyzing growth in strategic emerging and future industries. Socially, AI is enhancing public well-being by seamlessly integrating into daily life — enriching work, education, and leisure experiences.
China has seen rapid growth in both the scale and penetration of generative artificial intelligence. According to the 57th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China released by the China Internet Network Information Center, the number of generative AI users in China reached 602 million by December 2025, up 141.7 percent from the end of 2024. The penetration rate climbed to 42.8 percent, representing a substantial year-on-year increase of 25.2 percentage points.
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), generative AI has rapidly integrated into both production and daily life, becoming a key engine driving China’s digital and intelligent transformation of its economy and society.
China
China maintains position as world’s top apple producer and consumer
By Chang Qin, Li Xiaoqing, Xu Leipeng
Apples hold an important place in the “fruit basket” of Chinese consumers.
A recent report on China’s apple industry development showed that since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), China has remained the world’s largest producer and consumer of apples.
The launch of apple futures — the world’s first fresh-fruit futures contract — has significantly boosted China’s influence in global price discovery.
According to the report, China’s annual apple output exceeds 51 million tons, while annual consumption surpasses 47 million tons.
Behind these figures lies the strong rise of China’s homegrown seed technology. So far, China has developed 158 new apple varieties with independent intellectual property rights.
About 70 percent of newly established orchards are planted with domestically developed varieties, under modern, efficient production models.
China’s apple industry has achieved remarkable improvements in variety structure, production models, and technological support.
The industry landscape has shifted from scattered planting to intensive and standardized production in key growing regions, while development has moved beyond reliance on weather conditions toward comprehensive technological empowerment.
Technologies such as variety breeding, dwarf-rootstock intensive cultivation, water-saving irrigation, and intelligent sorting are now widely applied, highlighting the sector’s ongoing upgrade.
For farmers, apple cultivation has become an important source of income. Apples are now grown across more than 20 provincial-level regions in China, spanning altitudes from dozens of meters to over 3,700 meters, providing livelihoods for tens of millions of people.
In many major producing regions, integrated models linking enterprises, cooperatives, and farmers have been adopted to strengthen benefit-sharing across the value chain. This allows growers to profit not only from harvesting but also from value-added segments like processing and logistics, helping ensure a more balanced distribution of profits.
In Yan’an, northwest China’s Shaanxi province, apples contribute 61 percent of farmers’ operational income, benefiting more than two million growers. In Tianshui, northwest China’s Gansu province, the 2025 harvest of the well-known Huaniu apple variety has seen both rising prices and strong market demand. For many local communities, apples have become a symbol of improving livelihoods.
At the industrial level, the sector is accelerating its transition toward digital management and greater mechanization. Meanwhile, the rise of new business models such as livestream commerce and cross-border e-commerce is helping Chinese apples reach global markets more quickly. In 2024, exports of fresh apples reached 980,900 tons, up 23.24 percent year on year. Export revenue from other apple products — mainly concentrated apple juice — reached nearly 5.88 billion yuan ($852.22 million), a surge of 89.06 percent.
Looking ahead, China will continue to optimize apple variety structures, diversify markets, and promote deeper industrial integration.
By leveraging its resource advantages and further developing distinctive agricultural industries, the country aims to inject sustained momentum into rural revitalization. Apples, long regarded as a “fruit of prosperity,” are expected to create even greater value in the years ahead.
China
China’s ice-and-snow tourism sector experiences sustained boom
By Wang Ke, People’s Daily
China’s winter tourism industry has demonstrated significant vitality, attracting an estimated 360 million visits during the latest winter season from December 2025 to February 2026, generating 450 billion yuan (about $65.1 billion) in revenue. Of these visits, approximately 220 million were made with ice-and-snow activities as the primary motivation.
According to a report released by the China Tourism Academy, the sector is entering a new phase of sustained prosperity.
This evolution is reflected in changing consumer preferences. For instance, Sun Li, a tourist from Beijing, traveled with her family to Chongli district in Zhangjiakou, north China’s Hebei province. Her goal was not just skiing, but also experiencing local cuisine — a desire increasingly common among modern travelers.
China’s ice-and-snow tourism sector is shifting from single-purpose ski trips to diversified, integrated experiences. As demand surges, the market is increasingly characterized by quality-oriented, personalized and multifaceted consumption.
Data from homestay booking platform Tujia showed that between Oct. 12, 2025 and March 30, 2026, bookings for ski-related homestays in Chongli rose by 60 percent year on year. Nearly 1/5 of these were long-stay bookings of seven days or more, reflecting a broader shift from short-term experiences to extended winter vacations.
Consumption upgrading in the sector is becoming increasingly evident. Ice-and-snow tourism has emerged as a new growth driver in service consumption, with spending gradually shifting from rigid expenses such as transportation and accommodation to more flexible categories including entertainment, wellness and cultural products.
The customer base is also becoming younger, more family-oriented and more diverse. Those born after 1995 now account for 47 percent of ski ticket bookings on leading online lifestyle platform Meituan, making them the core consumer group.
The influx of younger travelers is reshaping ice-and-snow tourism trends. Ski fashion and social media-worthy resort shots are gaining traction online, boosting demand for winter travel photography services.
The report said that China’s ice-and-snow tourism products are evolving from being driven primarily by natural resources to a model powered jointly by innovation, technology and culture. The focus is shifting from creating high-quality individual products to building comprehensive, integrated product systems.
Han Yuanjun, a researcher at the China Tourism Academy, said that the deep integration of ice-and-snow tourism with multiple industries has created new consumption scenarios, enriched product offerings, and expanded the boundaries of the ice-and-snow economy.
The report also indicated that indoor ice-and-snow complexes are now the most active category for investment among capital-intensive tourism projects. Southern China emerged as the leading region for such investments in 2025.
Complementing indoor developments, outdoor destinations are pursuing distinctive paths. Many are tapping into local cultural resources to enhance appeal and competitiveness.
For example, the Meihuashan International Ski Resort in Liupanshui, Guizhou province, showcases snowy slopes encircled by lush mountains, thanks to its unique low-latitude, high-altitude location. Such destinations in southern China are challenging the long-held perception that ice-and-snow tourism is exclusive to the north.
Across China, destinations are enhancing visitor experiences with thoughtful services. Many ski-town homestays now personalized touches like meal delivery and equipment maintenance, while hotels incorporate local culture through themed rooms and regional cuisine. Travel convenience is also improving; high-speed trains on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line and in northeast China now provide streamlined transport for ski equipment.
Digital technologies are playing a key role in upgrading the sector. At many ski resorts, intelligent slope monitoring systems operate around the clock, providing real-time safety alerts. Some resorts have also introduced smart rental systems, allowing visitors to rent and return equipment simply by scanning a code with their phones.
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